| 1. |
- Bartosiewicz, László, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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A dog’s life : Interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary
- 2023
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Ingår i: Anthropozoologica. - : Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. - 0761-3032 .- 2107-0881. ; 58:2, s. 9-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of all domestic animals, dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) have developed the tightest bond with humans during the history of civilization. Regardless of their chronological affiliation, articulated dog skeletons discovered in structured deposits show individuals within their biological contexts; their ageing and sexing are usually possible and even pathological histories can be reconstructed. This presentation is a concise review of five Migration Period (5th-6th century CE) deposits from western Hungary, the former territory of Roman Pannonia province. These burials are examples of dogs being interred with other animals as well as humans under various circumstances. The integration of multidisciplinary information in reconstructing both the morphotype and likely socio-cultural status of 13 individuals showed the presence of unusually large dogs in human burials by both late Antique and present-day standards. This raises the question of whether these large dogs were associated with humans or occasions that were seen as particularly significant. Could any large dog be added to the burial of a human considered important enough? The dualistic perceptions of dogs in the historical/ethnographic record offer a broad range of interpretations. The results of high-resolution zoological analysis provided by complete dog skeletons can contribute to a better understanding of dog-human relationships as well as the perception and value of individual dogs to people.
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| 2. |
- Bartosiewicz, Laszlo, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Animal Exploitation in Medieval Hungary
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Economy of Medieval Hungary. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004310155 ; , s. 113-165
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last few years there has been an upswing in interest in animal stud-ies among medievalists. Historical research into medieval animal husbandry and the use of related products has intensified in terms of the analysis of docu-mentary (and to some extent, iconographic) sources, but the help of archae-ologists has also been enlisted. Eventually, the study of animal bone finds also began, although this type of inquiry is far better developed in the field of pre-historic archaeology: in the absence of written sources, prehistorians had to turn to less spectacular evidence, including animal remains. Archaeozoology is devoted to the identification, analysis and interpretation of animal remains from archaeological sites. Although the detailed analysis of written sources and animal iconography fall outside the scope of archaeozoology, familiarity with this process is indispensable for properly interpreting the archaeological traces of medieval animal exploitation.
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| 6. |
- Bartosiewicz, László, et al.
(författare)
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The archbishop's dinner? Late medieval fish from Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya, Hungary
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fourteenth-fifteenth century food refuse from the kitchen of the Esztergom archbishopric shows a significant diachronic increase in cyprinid bones, in particular those of carp. Meanwhile, contributions by large acipenserids and carnivorous species (catfish/wels, pike, percids) declined. Contemporaneous account books indirectly suggest that the archbishop's kitchen must have increasingly relied on farmed carp fish. Sturgeons were a commodity sold by the archbishopric but rarely consumed. Expensive pikes were bought at low prices for the archbishop, possibly related to the small size of individuals found in the deposits. The poor representation of high-status fish is consonant with the scarcity of bones from large game in an assemblage dominated by domesticates. Wild game is represented by brown hare, partridge, and a variety of thrushes. These finds confirm that the foodways in the archbishop's palace were more modest than expected on the basis of its social status. Increasing contributions by cyprinids and sterlet to the assemblage also coincide with the high relative frequency of their recipes in a sixteenth century cookbook.
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| 7. |
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Care or Neglect? Evidence of Animal Disease in Archaeology : Proceedings of the 6th Meeting of the Animal Palaeopathology Working Group of the International Council for Archaeozoology (ICAZ), Budapest, Hungary, 2016
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals have always been integral to culture. Their interaction with humans has intensified since the onset of domestication resulting in higher incidences of animal disease due to human intervention. At the same time, human care has counterbalanced pressures of natural selection, reducing morbidity among wild animals. Prior to the emergence of a veterinary record, animal disease can only be traced by analyzing pathological symptoms on excavated animal remains. This volume presents a collection of studies in the discipline of animal palaeopathology. An international team of experts offer reviews of animal welfare at ancient settlements from both prehistoric and historic periods across Eurasia.Several chapters are devoted to the diseases of dog and horse, two animals of prominent emotional importance in many civilizations. Curious phenomena observed on the bones of poultry, sheep, pig and even fish are discussed within their respective cultural contexts. Many poorly healed bones are suggestive of neglect in the case of ordinary livestock. On the other hand, a great degree of compassion may be presumed behind the long survival of seriously ill companion animals. In addition to furthering our better technical understanding of animal disease in the past, this volume also mirrors the diversity of human attitudes towards animals during our millennia-long relationship. Some animal bones show signs of extreme cruelty but others also reveal the great attention paid to the recovery of sick animals. Such attitudes tend to be largely hidden yet are characteristic aspects of how people relate to the surrounding world and, ultimately, to each other.
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| 8. |
- Frantz, Laurent A. F., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and archaeological evidence suggests a dual origin of domestic dogs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 352:6290, s. 1228-1231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geographic and temporal origins of dogs remain controversial. We generated genetic sequences from 59 ancient dogs and a complete (28x) genome of a late Neolithic dog (dated to similar to 4800 calendar years before the present) from Ireland. Our analyses revealed a deep split separating modern East Asian and Western Eurasian dogs. Surprisingly, the date of this divergence (similar to 14,000 to 6400 years ago) occurs commensurate with, or several millennia after, the first appearance of dogs in Europe and East Asia. Additional analyses of ancient and modern mitochondrial DNA revealed a sharp discontinuity in haplotype frequencies in Europe. Combined, these results suggest that dogs may have been domesticated independently in Eastern and Western Eurasia from distinct wolf populations. East Eurasian dogs were then possibly transported to Europe with people, where they partially replaced European Paleolithic dogs.
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| 9. |
- Gál, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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A fifth- to sixth-century CE lynx (Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary 2 : Stature and archaeological interpretations
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of osteoarchaeology. - 1047-482X .- 1099-1212. ; 34:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lynx remains are rare in archaeological assemblages. The skeleton of an adult male accompanied by four dogs was found in a large Migration Period pit at Zamárdi–Kútvölgyi-dűlő II, Hungary. Extant lynx skeletons were used in estimating the shoulder height of this individual. Its stature is comparable to those of the large dogs it was buried with. None of the five skeletons showed skinning marks. Although the physical reconstruction of the lynx was of help in appraising this special pit, the actual nature of the deposit remains in question. Possible interpretations range from the mundane discard of carcasses to the poorly understood ritual burial of carnivores, beginning with the lynx. We reviewed these options within the framework of cultural diversity of Migration Period peoples in west-central Hungary.
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| 10. |
- Gál, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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A fifth–sixth century CE lynx (Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary : Cranial morphology and zoological interpretations
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of osteoarchaeology. - : Wiley. - 1047-482X .- 1099-1212. ; 32:4, s. 783-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The articulated skeleton of an adult male lynx was found in association with four dogs and scattered bones of other domesticates in a pit at Zamárdi-Kútvölgyi-dűlő II, Hungary. Lynx remains occur rarely in the archaeological record, and protocols for ageing and sexing do not exist. The intact skull of the skeleton offered an opportunity to review the craniological features of the species in comparison with a reference material of extant individuals, complementing our knowledge of lynx osteology, providing an empirical basis for zooarchaeological evaluation. Although caution is due in assigning a concrete function to the curious Zamárdi deposit, familiarity with the craniological properties, habitat preferences, and behavior of Eurasian lynx is indispensable in cultural interpretations subject to a forthcoming study on the osteoarchaeology of this rare wild felid.
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