| 1. |
- Gao, Zhan, et al.
(author)
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Composite electrolyte based on nanostructured Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2009
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In: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 33:13, s. 1138-1144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanostructured Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) is investigated for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells based on SDC- 30 wt% (53 mol% Li2CO3:47 mol % Na2CO3) composite electrolyte in this work. SDC is prepared by the combined citrate and EDTA complexing method. X-ray powder diffraction shows that it forms a well-cubic fluorite structure after being sintered at 700 degrees C for 2 h. The particle is about 12 nm detected by the transmission electron microscopy. Conductivity for the composite is much higher than the pure SDC at comparable temperatures. A transition of ionic conductivity occurs at 450 degrees C for the composite electrolyte. The single cells are fabricated by a simple dry-pressing process and tested at 450-600 degrees C. A maximum power density of 900 mW cm(-2) and the open-circuit voltage of 0.92 V are achieved at 600 degrees C. The conduction mechanism has been discussed by comparing the conductivity of composite electrolyte under different conditions. AC impedance for single cell indicates that the electrochemical process involving cathode and anode reactions is the rate-limiting step.
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| 2. |
- Gao, Zhan, et al.
(author)
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Development of methanol-fueled low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 35:8, s. 690-696
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC, 300-600 degrees C) technology fueled by methanol possessing significant importance and application in polygenerations has been developed. Thermodynamic analysis of methanol gas-phase compositions and carbon formation indicates that direct operation on methanol between 450 and 600 degrees C may result in significant carbon deposition. A water steam/methanol ratio of 1/1 can completely suppress carbon formation in the same time enrich H(2) production composition. Fuel cells were fabricated using ceria-carbonate composite electrolytes and examined at 450-600 degrees C. The maximum power density of 603 and 431 mW cm(-2) was achieved at 600 and 500 degrees C, respectively, using water steam/methanol with the ratio of 1/1 and ambient air as fuel and oxidant. These results provide great potential for development of the direct methanol low-temperature SOFC for polygenerations.
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| 3. |
- Gao, Zhan, et al.
(author)
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Electrochemical Characterization on SDC/Na2CO3 Nanocomposite Electrolyte for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- 2011
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In: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1533-4880 .- 1533-4899. ; 11:6, s. 5413-5417
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our previous work has demonstrated that novel core-shell SDC/Na2CO3 nanocomposite electrolyte possesses great potential for the development of low temperature (300-600 degrees C) solid oxide fuel cells. This work further characterizes the nanocomposite SDC/Na2CO3 electrochemical properties and conduction mechanism. The microstructure of the nanocomposite sintered at different temperatures was analyzed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical and electrochemical properties were studied. Significant conductivity enhancement was observed in the H-2 atmosphere compared with that of air atmosphere. The ratiocination of proton conduction rather than electronic conduction has been proposed consequently based on the observation of fuel cell performance. The fuel cell performance with peak power density of 375 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C has been achieved. A.C. impedance for the fuel cell under open circuit voltage (OCV) conditions illustrates the electrode polarization process is predominant in rate determination.
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| 4. |
- Gao, Zhan, et al.
(author)
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Novel BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-δ (BZCYO)-Ce0.8Y0.2O2-δ (YDC) composite ceramic electrolyte for low-temperature SOFCs
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Novel BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-δ (BZCYO)-Ce0.8Y0.2O2-δ (YDC) composite ceramic electrolyte possessing both proton and oxygen ion vacancies conduction was first reported. There are no chemical reactions between the two compositions. The composite ceramic electrolyte shows excellent chemical stability to reduction. BZCYO2-YDC8 exhibits the highest bulk ionic conductivities in the temperature range of 450 oC to 650 oC and total ionic conductivities when the temperatures are higher than 550 oC. The conductivity enhancement mechanism has been discussed. BZCYO-YDC composite ceramics may be promising electrolytes in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.a)
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| 5. |
- Gao, Zhan, et al.
(author)
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Novel SrTi(x)Co(1-x)O(3-delta) cathodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2011
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In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 36:12, s. 7229-7233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The SrTi(x)Co(1-x)O(3-delta) (STC, x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) perovskite-type oxides synthesized by the polymerized complex (PC) method have been investigated as cathode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with composite electrolyte for the first time. Thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) shows the crystallization of SrTi(0.1)Co(0.9)O(3-delta) occurs at 780 degrees C. The oxides have been stabilized to be a cubic perovskite phase after the B-site is doped with Ti ion. The maximum power density reaches as high as 613 mW cm(-2) at 600 degrees C for SOFC with SrTi(0.2)Co(0.8)O(3-delta) cathode. The maximum power densities increase with the increasing Ti content in the cathode, which can be attributed to the enhancement of conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. The stability of the fuel cell with SrTi(0.1)Co(0.9)O(3-delta) cathode has been examined for 18 h at 600 degrees C. Only a slight decline in the cell performance can be observed with increasing time. The high performance cathodes together with the low-cost fabrication technology are highly encouraging for development of low-temperature SOFCs.
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| 6. |
- Gao, Zhan, et al.
(author)
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Preparation and characterization of Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9/Na2CO3 nanocomposite electrolyte for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2011
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In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 36:6, s. 3984-3988
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC)/Na2CO3 nanocomposite synthesized by the co-precipitation process has been investigated for the potential electrolyte application in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The conduction mechanism of the SDC/Na2CO3 nanocomposite has been studied. The performance of 20 mW cm(-2) at 490 degrees C for fuel cell using Na2CO3 as electrolyte has been obtained and the proton conduction mechanism has been proposed. This communication demonstrates the feasibility of direct utilization of methanol in low-temperature SOFCs with the SDC/Na2CO3 nanocomposite electrolyte. A fairly high peak power density of 512 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C for fuel cell fueled by methanol has been achieved. Thermodynamical equilibrium composition for the mixture of steam/methanol has been calculated, and no presence of C is predicted over the entire temperature range. The long-term stability test of open circuit voltage (OCV) indicates the SDC/Na2CO3 nanocomposite electrolyte can keep stable and no visual carbon deposition has been observed over the anode surface. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.
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| 7. |
- Han, Jing, et al.
(author)
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Role of inflammation in the process of clinical Kashin-Beck disease : latest findings and interpretations
- 2015
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In: Inflammation Research. - : Springer. - 1023-3830 .- 1420-908X. ; 64:11, s. 853-860
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), a particular type of osteoarthritis (OA), and an endemic disease with articular cartilage damage and chondrocytes apoptosis, can affect many joints, and the most commonly affected joints are the knee, ankle, and hand. KBD has traditionally been classified as a non-inflammatory OA. However, recent studies have shown that inflammation has played an important role in the development of KBD. Nowadays, clinical KBD is not only an endemic disease, but also a combined result of many other non-endemic factors, which contains age, altered biomechanics, joint trauma and secondary OA. The characteristics of the developmental joint failure of advanced KBD, because of the biochemical and mechanical processes, are tightly linked with the interaction of joint damage and its immune response, as well as the subsequent state of chronic inflammation leading to KBD progression. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, pathology, imaging, cytokines and transduction pathways investigating the association of inflammation with KBD; meanwhile, a wide range of data will be discussed to elicit our current hypotheses considering the role of inflammation and immune activation in KBD development.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Sen, et al.
(author)
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Roles of glycoprotein glycosylation in the pathogenesis of an endemic osteoarthritis, Kashin–Beck disease, and effectiveness evaluation of sodium hyaluronate treatment
- 2020
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In: Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. - : TÜBİTAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). - 1300-0144 .- 1303-6165. ; 50:4, s. 1028-1037
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/aim: We aimed to explore the roles of glycoprotein glycosylation in the pathogenesis of Kashin–Beck disease (KBD), and evaluated the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate treatment.Materials and methods: Blood and saliva were collected from KBD patients before and after the injection of sodium hyaluronate. Normal healthy subjects were included as controls. Saliva and serum lectin microarrays and saliva and serum microarray verifications were used to screen and confirm the differences in lectin levels among the three groups.Results: In saliva lectin microarray, bindings to Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin I (GSL-I), Euonymus europaeus lectin (EEL), Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL-II), Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA), Hippeastrum hybrid lectin (HHL), and Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) were higher in the untreated KBD patients than in the control group. Increased levels of HHL, MAL-II, and GSL-I in the untreated KBD patients discriminated them in particular from the treated ones. Jacalin was lower in the untreated KBD patients compared to the treated KBD and control groups. In serum lectin microarray, HHL and peanut agglutinin (PNA) were increased in the untreated KBD group in comparison to the control one. AAL, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E+L) (PHA- E+L), and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL-I) were lower in the untreated KBD patients compared to the treated KBD and control groups. Hyaluronate treatment appeared to normalize SNA, AAL, and MAL-II levels in saliva, and HHL, PNA, AAL, PTL-I, and PHA-E+L levels in serum. Saliva reversed microarray verification confirmed significant differences between the groups in SNA and Jacalin, in particular for GSL-I levels, while serum reversed microarray verification indicated that HHL, PNA, and AAL levels returned to normal levels after the hyaluronate treatment. Lectin blot confirmed significant differences in HHL, AAL, and Jacalin in saliva, and HHL, PNA, PHA-E+L, and AAL in serum.Conclusion: HHL in saliva and serum may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker of KBD, and it may be used as follow-up for the hyaluronate treatment.
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