| 1. |
- Andersson, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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SIREN : sound generation for vehicle simulation
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The ViP Simulator Sound Renderer (SIREN) software has been created as a means to facilitate generation and playback of audio signals in driving simulators. Siren is a modular, scalable program with a plug-in based infrastructure. The included plug-ins offer sound file playback, sound stream playback and spatialization possibilities. Required additional functionality can be added by creating custom plug-ins. Siren by default relies on the OpenAL library for spatialization and on Csound for sound stream generation. Other spatialization and generation software can be used by replacing the corresponding API modules. Siren is implemented in the new Simulator IV as well as in Simulator III at VTI and will also be implemented in Simulator II in the immediate future. Experimental implementations have been tested in the VTI Foerst simulator running solely under the Microsoft Windows operating system. Volvo Trucks has a trial version implemented in their simulator and has made some local customization. The current sound models implemented through Siren in the VTI simulators consist of real-time synthesis of sound based on measurements performed in real vehicles (car and truck) on the Volvo test track. The resulting sound has been validated through corresponding measurements performed inside the simulator cabins as well as through informal listening by experienced drivers.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, C., et al.
(author)
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Fully electric ship propulsion reduces airborne noise but not underwater noise
- 2024
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In: Ocean Engineering. - Göteborg : Elsevier. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrification of ships offers zero-emission travel and is spreading rapidly, but the relation between electric ship propulsion and noise pollution is not generally understood. Here, three different types of diesel-electric hybrid ferries have been measured in two operating modes: running in hybrid mode with the diesel engine powering an electric generator; and running in fully electric battery powered mode. Measurements were performed to simultaneously quantify airborne and underwater radiated noise. Findings are that on-board diesel engines for electricity generation do not contribute a large extent of the underwater radiated noise, whilst a major source of airborne low-frequency radiation.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Anna K., 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Åkkvalitet på vinterväg
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna VTI-studie konstaterar att det går att mäta ojämnheter på vinterväg på samma sätt som på barmarksväg. Både ojämnheter och buller vid låga frekvenser ökar vid visst vinterväglag och är kopplade till hastighet. De mätningar som utförts inom projektets ramar visar att det går utmärkt att utföra mätningar på en snöklädd yta. Med vinterväglag menas här en snöklädd väg cirka ett dygn efter ett kraftigt snöfall. Baserat på de vägar som mättes visar studien att ojämnheter i våglängdsintervallet 0,05 till 1 meter påverkas allra mest av vinterväglaget. Ojämnheterna ökar cirka 5 gånger i medeltal för hela testslingan från barmarks- till vinterförhållanden. Det går även att se att ytans struktur, som beskrivs av de kortaste våglängderna som undersöktes, <10 mm, blir slätare på den snöklädda ytan vilket var en av hypoteserna och som indikerar att mätningen är pålitlig. Kopplingen mellan buller och ojämnheter är relaterade till hastighet. Den största ljudskillnaden mellan vinter- och sommarväg var vid låga frekvenser. Det uppfattade ljudet i bilen var då mellan 3 och 6 decibel högre för körningen på vinterväg. I de mer högfrekventa områdena var skillnaden i ljudnivå tvärtom, lägre för vintervägen än för sommarvägen och en trolig orsak till detta kan vara att ljudet absorberas av snön.
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| 5. |
- Asutay, Erkin, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Emoacoustics : A Study of the Psychoacoustical and Psychological Dimensions of Emotional Sound Design
- 2012
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In: Journal of The Audio Engineering Society. - : Audio Engineering Society. - 1549-4950. ; 60:1-2, s. 21-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even though traditional psychoacoustics has provided indispensable knowledge about auditory perception, it has, in its narrow focus on signal characteristics, neglected listener and contextual characteristics. To demonstrate the influence of the meaning the listener attaches to a sound in the resulting sensations we used a Fourier-time-transform processing to reduce the identifiability of 18 environmental sounds. In a listening experiment, 20 subjects listened to and rated their sensations in response to, first, all the processed stimuli and then, all original stimuli, without being aware of the relationship between the two groups. Another 20 subjects rated only the processed stimuli, which were primed by their original counterparts. This manipulation was used in order to see the difference in resulting sensation when the subject could tell what the sound source is. In both tests subjects rated their emotional experience for each stimulus on the orthogonal dimensions of valence and arousal, as well as perceived annoyance and perceived loudness for each stimulus. They were also asked to identify the sound source. It was found that processing caused correct identification to reduce substantially, while priming recovered most of the identification. While original stimuli induced a wide range of emotional experience, reactions to processed stimuli were emotionally neutral. Priming manipulation reversed the effects of processing to some extent. Moreover, even though the 5th percentile Zwickers-loudness (N5) value of most of the stimuli was reduced after processing, neither perceived loudness nor auditory-induced emotion changed accordingly. Thus indicating the importance of considering other factors apart from the physical sound characteristics in sound design.
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| 6. |
- Asutay, Erkin, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Emoacoustics: a study on the physical and psychological dimensions of sound design
- 2010
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In: 3rd Int. Workshop on Perceptual Quality of Systems, 2010, Bautzen, Germany. - 1680-8908. ; , s. 35-39
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Psychoacoustical research provided indispensible knowledge on how human audition works, which is necessary for successful sound design applications. It may, however, be argued that traditional psychoacoustics, in its narrow focus on signal characteristics, has neglected listener and contextual characteristics. Thus, to demonstrate the influence of meaning the listener attaches to a sound we used an FFT processing to reduce the identifiability of 18 environmental sounds, since source identification is central to meaning attribution. In a listening experiment, 20 subjects listened to and rated all the processed stimuli first and then original stimuli, without being aware of the existence of two sets. Another 20 subjects rated only the processed stimuli, which were primed by their original counterparts. This manipulation was used in order to see the difference when the subject could tell what the sound source is. In both tests subjects rated their emotional experience for each stimulus on the orthogonal dimensions of valence and arousal, as well as perceived annoyance and perceived loudness for each stimulus. They were also asked to identify the sound source. It was found that processing caused correct identification to reduce substantially, while priming recovered most of the identification. While original stimuli induced a wide range of emotional experience, reactions to processed stimuli were affectively neutral. Priming manipulation reversed the effects of processing to some extent. Moreover, even though Zwickers-loudness value of most of the stimuli was reduced after processing, perceived loudness was only decreased for affectively negative stimuli.
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| 7. |
- Bolling, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Improving the realism in the VTI driving simulators : Shake final report
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Väg- och transportforskningsinstitutet (VTI) har tre avancerade körsimulatorer med rörelsesystem. Syftet med detta projekt var att utveckla och implementera nya modeller för grafik, vibrationer och buller, allt i syfte att öka realismen för föraren i simulatorn. Vidare skulle en valideringsstudie genomföras. Inom ramen för projektet uppnåddes följande:Utveckling av ett nytt grafiskt programpaket•Förbättring av modellerna för vibrationer på grund av däck/väg•Förbättring av rörelsesystemet genom förskjutning av rotationscentrum•Förbättring av modulen för buller, genom återskapande av däck- och vägbuller.•Synkronisering mellan vägytans grafiska presentation, buller och vibrationer .Modellernas validitet testades i VTI:s simulator III. Statistisk testning av skillnader mellan verklig bil och simulator indikerade absolut validitet för subjektiva bedömningar av vägytans jämnhet och tysthet och för det objektiva måttet hastighet, med undantag av områden där hastighetsgränsen ändrades. I dessa områden erhölls endast relativ validitet eftersom både accelerationer och retardationer var snabbare i simulatorn än i verklig bil. Relativ validitet indikerades också för det subjektiva måttet generell komfort. Resultaten från de olika valideringarna visar att förbättringarna har varit framgångsrika och föraren i simulatorn kan nu se, höra och känna ojämnheter i vägbanan exakt när hjulen träffar dessa. Fortfarande återstår dock många möjligheter till ytterligare förbättringar i simulatormodellerna.
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| 8. |
- Folkeson, Lennart, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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State of preparedness for climate change adaptation in operations and maintenance of transport infrastructure in eight Swedish municipalities
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study analysed the preparedness for climate change adaptation (CCA) of transport infrastructure in eight municipalities in Sweden. The study focused on municipal officials’ role in organizing and implementing CCA measures. The interviews were done in 2011. Many respondents confused CCA with climate change mitigation. Three of the municipalities had performed vulnerability analyses but apart from that, well-documented decision support in long-term adaptation was largely lacking. Adaptation measures were often based on day-to-day problems and recently experienced weather incidents. Strategic work with long-term CCA seemed to be largely lacking. The placing of the responsibility for CCA in the municipal organization was often unclear. Six of the respondents found there were no actual hindrances to their work with CCA and no conflicts with other municipal aims. However, several responses indicated budgetary competition with environmental aims or other societal strivings. The planning and implementation of CCA measures seemed to be highly dependent on individual officials, their engagement, their passivity/activity regarding this issue, their defined responsibility and the boundaries for their current position in the municipality organization.
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| 9. |
- Genell, Anders, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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A synthesized road traffic noise scenario for health impact assessment
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the 10<sup>th </sup>Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. - : European Acoustics Association (EAA). - 9788888942674 ; , s. 2077-2081
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Within the Horizon 2020 project LEON-T (Low particle Emissions and lOw Noise Tyres), one of the aims is to investigate the effect on cardiovascular health from the effect on sleep of noise from heavy vehicle (EU class N2 and N3) tyres. Effects of noise on sleep are investigated by performing sleep experiments in a controlled lab environment where participants sleep several nights subjected to different traffic noise scenarios. The traffic noise scenarios have been constructed using synthesized tyre noise allowing for variation in parameters such as tyre tread pattern design, tyre air cavity resonance, traffic flow properties and distance between traffic noise source and receiver. The synthesized scenarios have been designed in close cooperation with experts on health effects from noise in order to expose the participants to such stimuli that provide relevant and valid responses. For the initial sleep experiment properties such as high or low traffc flow, individual vehicle noise level and level of perceptually salient tonal components in the synthesized tyre sound are investigated. This paper describes the synthesized vehicle sounds and the traffic noise scenario design process for the scenario used in the first sleep experiment.
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| 10. |
- Genell, Anders, 1974
(author)
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Annoyance, quality- and safety aspects of sound in truck cabins
- 2006
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- For heavy vehicles the interior sound environment is still more or less just apassive result of the engineering of the different parts that make up the vehicle,although measures are taken to keep sound pressure level within legislatedboundaries. Additionally, the sound inside truck cabins is dominated by itslow frequency (LF) content, and is hence prone to impair task performance andreduce wakefulness as well as cause general annoyance and different adversehealth effects. In this report, four aims have been formulated in order to by useof a sound quality approach investigate possibilities to increase safety aspectsof the sound environment, enhance positive and reduce negative subjectiveresponses: Understanding experience of and reaction to a sound environment suchas the one in a truck cabin, with special focus on the prevailing highlevels of low frequency content. Understanding the relation between perceived negative and positive aspectsof such a sound environment. Investigate perceptually adequate ways of describing the sound environment,in addition to the for this context inferior traditional methods suchas A-weighted sound pressure levels. Investigate influence from physical properties of the sound environment,compared to influence from the information that is conveyed by thesound.Three dimensions were found to be of great importance for the assessment ofinterior truck sound: Annoyance, Quality and Wakefulness. Additionally itwas found that reducing some negative aspects along the annoyance dimensionalso reduced some positive aspects along the quality dimension, indicatingthe need for a careful optimization between these dimensions. Importance ofhigh frequency content for perception of differences in the low frequency regionshowed the use of spectral balance as a descriptor of interior heavy vehiclesound. Also, information content showed to mediate annoyance and affectiveresponses to interior truck sound.
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