| 1. |
- Partelow, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Aquaculture governance : five engagement arenas for sustainability transformation
- 2023
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In: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A greater focus on governance is needed to facilitate effective and substantive progress toward sustainability transformations in the aquaculture sector. Concerted governance efforts can help move the sector beyond fragmented technical questions associated with intensification and expansion, social and environmental impacts, and toward system-based approaches that address interconnected sustainability issues. Through a review and expert-elicitation process, we identify five engagement arenas to advance a governance agenda for aquaculture sustainability transformation: (1) setting sustainability transformation goals, (2) cross-sectoral linkages, (3) land–water–sea connectivity, (4) knowledge and innovation, and (5) value chains. We then outline the roles different actors and modes of governance can play in fostering sustainability transformations, and discuss action items for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to operationalize activities within their engagement arenas.
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| 2. |
- Rodriguez-Castaneda, Genoveva, et al.
(author)
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Weighing defensive and nutritive roles of ant mutualists across a tropical altitudinal gradient
- 2011
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In: Biotropica. - : Wiley. - 0006-3606 .- 1744-7429. ; 43:3, s. 343-350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diversity of mutualistic interactions influences many ecological components of community structure, including biodiversity and ecosystem stability. However, mutualistic interactions are not well resolved because of a historical bias toward examining antagonistic interactions. Here we examine both antagonistic and facilitative interactions between tropical plants and arthropods by characterizing the biotic interactions between a common myrmecophytic shrub, Piper immutatum Trel. (Piperaceae), the ants hosted by this plant, Pheidole sp. (Formicidae: Myrmicinae), and their associated communities of herbivorous and predatory arthropods. To determine if ant mutualists affect the altitudinal distribution of Neotropical myrmecophytes, P. immutatum interactions with arthropods were quantified across a tropical elevational gradient. Piper immutatum was most abundant in lower montane forests (1000-1600 m asl) and disappeared above 1600 m asl, and colonies of Pheidole sp. inhabited 90 percent of the sampled plants. The myrmecophyte was then transplanted within and beyond its altitudinal range, excluding ants from half of the transplanted plants. Plant survival was affected primarily by elevation, with only 20 percent surviving above 1600 m asl. Ant exclusion did not significantly affect plant mortality. Nevertheless, ant colony size did affect both herbivory and nutrient availability for surviving P. immutatum, with nutrient availability having a stronger effect than antiherbivore defense on growth and biomass. This approach of studying the contributions of ant mutualisms across the myrmecohpyte's habitat range yields an improved picture of the role of mutualistic interactions in determining community structure.
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