| 1. |
- Cáceres Calix, Diego José
(author)
-
Earthquake Sources and Hazard in northern Central America
- 2003
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Northern Central America is a tectonically complex zone defined by its borders with Cocos and North America plates. The Middle America subduction zone and the strike-slip motion along the North America-Caribbean plate boundary, in that order, control most of its deformation. The interaction between the different elements of the studied area is evident from the high seismicity in the region, especially along plate boundaries. Also in the interior of the region, seismicity shows that deformation takes place, though in lesser degree. In a time window of 30 years, three earthquakes with moment magnitude larger than 7 struck northern Central America evincing the need to estimate the seismic hazard for the zone. To tackle the problem, we compiled a catalogue of hypocenters commencing in 1964, defined seismogenic sources and described the evolution of earthquake activity through a Poisson model. Probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) calculations for the next 50 years were performed. The highest estimate of seismic hazard was obtained for the zone adjacent to the subduction zone. Because of the fundamental importance of demarcating seismogenic sources in the PSH analysis, i.e. defining the seismotectonic model, we extended the catalogue to cover 102 years for the whole northern Central America. We have studied the North America-Caribbean plate boundary in order to refine the fault representation. Different techniques were used, like that of body-waveform modeling, allowing us to limit the extent of depth of faulting to 20 km. The seismic moment tensor was used to estimate the deformation velocities on known tectonic structures, including those of the Honduras depression and borderland faults. Finally, we made use of the Coulomb stress criterion to determine the relation between earthquake occurrence and static stress changes following major earthquakes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, et al.
(author)
-
Transforming the Energy Sector : The evolution of technological systems in renewable energy technology
- 2004
-
In: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 13:5, s. 815-849
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyses the development and diffusion of technologies that utilize renewable energy sources in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands.The analysis enlarges the life cycle model of industry evolution to one where the focus is on the formation and evolution of new technological systems. Particular focus is on explaining success and failures in shifting from a formative phase into one characterized by positive feedbacks. A set of challenges is identified for policy makers attempting to influence the process of transforming the energy sector.
|
|
| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
-
Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
-
In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
-
Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
-
In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
|
|
| 6. |
- Junell, Anna, 1972-
(author)
-
Regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster : Involvement of POU and NF-kB/Rel factors in innate immunity
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has a well-developed immune response, and microbial assault induces a rapid production of potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The aim of this thesis work was to gain deeper knowledge of the regulation of AMPs in Drosophila, by the isolation and characterization of transcription factors involved in AMP gene expression. A yeast screen was designed and used to isolate Drosophila cDNAs coding for novel regulators of the CecropinA1 (CecA1) gene. Three transcription factors belonging to the POU domain (Pdm) family were isolated, Pdm1, Pdm2, and Drifter (Dfr), and subsequently verified as regulators of CecA1 in Drosophila cells. POU proteins are known to regulate a range of developmental processes, but this is the first finding of POU factors controlling AMP gene expression. Dfr and Pdm1 were further analyzed with respect to their in vivo function as AMP gene regulators. Over-expression of Dfr activated several AMP genes in non-infected flies, suggesting that Dfr is involved in constitutive expression of AMP genes. Dfr was shown to bind to a CecA1 upstream enhancer, to which the homeodomain protein Caudal (Cad) previously had been shown to bind. Co-expression of Dfr and Cad promoted very high CecA1 expression, indicating that these two transcription factors act synergistically on CecA1 in tissues where both are expressed. In Pdm1 mutant flies, several AMP genes were highly expressed prior to infection, indicating that Pdm1 functions as a repressor of those genes. However, at least one gene, AttacinA, required Pdm1 for its expression suggesting that Pdm1 has dual functions, acting both as a repressor and activator. Finally, the post-translational activation of the NF-κB/Rel protein Relish in response to infection was investigated in detail. Deletion mapping revealed different functional domains of Relish, and site-directed mutagenesis was used to exactly determine the residues required for endoproteolytic cleavage by a caspase.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rich, Jeffrey A., et al.
(author)
-
GOALS-JWST: Pulling Back the Curtain on the AGN and Star Formation in VV 114
- 2023
-
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 944:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present results from the James Webb Space Telescope Director’s Discretionary Time Early Release Science program 1328 targeting the nearby, luminous infrared galaxy, VV 114. We use the MIRI and NIRSpec instruments to obtain integral-field spectroscopy of the heavily obscured eastern nucleus (V114E) and surrounding regions. The spatially resolved, high-resolution spectra reveal the physical conditions in the gas and dust over a projected area of 2-3 kpc that includes the two brightest IR sources, the NE and SW cores. Our observations show for the first time spectroscopic evidence that the SW core hosts an active galactic nucleus as evidenced by its very low 6.2 μm and 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon equivalent widths (0.12 and 0.017 μm, respectively) and mid- and near-IR colors. Our observations of the NE core show signs of deeply embedded star formation including absorption features due to aliphatic hydrocarbons, large quantities of amorphous silicates, as well as HCN due to cool gas along the line of sight. We detect elevated [Fe ii]/Pfα consistent with extended shocks coincident with enhanced emission from warm H2, far from the IR-bright cores and clumps. We also identify broadening and multiple kinematic components in both H2 and fine structure lines caused by outflows and previously identified tidal features.
|
|
| 8. |
- Tavakol, M, et al.
(author)
-
Diversity of malignancies in patients with different types of inborn errors of immunity
- 2022
-
In: Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1710-1484. ; 18:1, s. 106-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic defects in the development, maturation, and/or function of the immune cells can lead to Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which may predispose patients to malignancies. The overall risk for cancer in children with IEI ranges from 4 to 25% and the type of malignancy is highly dependent on the specific mutant gene underlying IEI. We investigated 3056 IEI patients registered in the Iranian national registry between the years 1999 and 2020 in this retrospective cohort study. The frequency of malignancy and its association with the type of IEI in these patients were evaluated. A total of 82 IEI patients with malignancy were enrolled in this study. Among them, predominantly lymphoma was the most common type of malignancy (67.1%), followed by leukemia (11%), and cancers of the head and neck (7.3%). Among identified lymphoma cancers, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were the most frequent type (43.9%) followed by different subtypes of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (23.2%). Solid tumors (18.3%) appeared to be very heterogeneous by type and localization. The correlation between the type of malignancy and survival status and the association between the type of malignancy and IEI entities were unremarkable. The awareness of the association between the presence of IEI and cancer highlights the importance of a synergistic effort by oncologists and immunologists in the early diagnosis of malignancy and personalized therapeutic strategies in IEI patients.
|
|
| 9. |
- Tell, Johanna, 1973-
(author)
-
Implementation and use of Web-based National Guidelines in Child Healthcare
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In Sweden, child healthcare (CHC) is an important health promotion setting, providing universal and targeted interventions. High demands on child healthcare and the competences of CHC nurses, highlight the importance of access to supportive web-based guidelines in everyday work. The implementation of web-based guidelines is affected by various factors and can be challenging. The Swedish Rikshandbokenis national guidelines for CHC that are in the process of being implemented. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the CHC provided in Sweden before the implementation of the national CHC programme, and the implementation and usage of web-based national guidelines for CHC. Study Iaimed to investigate whether the Swedish CHC programme was equal and which methods for health surveillance the county councils offered. A web-survey distributed to CHC coordinators was used, and the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Study IIaimed to investigate how nurses in CHC use Rikshandboken and factors affecting its use. A web survey was used and analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Study IIIaimed to investigate CHC coordinators´ experiences of being a facilitator in the implementation of a new national CHC programme in the form of a web-based guide. Focus group interviews via Skype for Business were conducted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Study IVaimed to examine CHC nurses´ use and ways of understanding the national web-based guidelines, Rikshandboken. A mixed method with sequential explanatory design in two phases was used; a web-survey with descriptive statistics followed by telephone interviews with phenomenographic analysis. Study Vaimed to investigate the usage of the national web-based guidelines, Rikshandboken. The data were collected from Google Analytics, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the studies show that Rikshandbokenis widely used and that its usage has increased. CHC nurses are generally satisfied with the website and emphasizes the importance of national guidelines for CHC. Factors needed to be developed to improve Rikshandbokenwere suggested as well as prerequisites that are needed in the local context to use Rikshandbokenfully. It must be reliable, useful and relevant why the end users need to be involved in the development. With the right conditions, Rikshandbokencould be a resource for learning and a tool in everyday work for CHC nurses. The result also shows that the CHC is provided unequally, and that the CHC programme is challenging to implement in the local context. The CHC coordinators´ task is to facilitate the implementation of the web-based national guidelines; however, this responsibility is complex. Changing the content, structure and access to Rikshandbokenis not sufficient, in the local context, prerequisites for the use of these web-based national guidelines must exist, and only then can Rikshandbokenbe a contributing determinant to an equal CHC.
|
|
