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- Appeltans, W., et al.
(author)
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The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity
- 2012
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 22:23, s. 2189-2202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.
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| 4. |
- Widengren, Jerker, et al.
(author)
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Single-molecule detection and identification of multiple species by multiparameter fluorescence detection
- 2006
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In: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 78:6, s. 2039-2050
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two general strategies are introduced to identify and quantify single molecules in dilute solutions by employing a spectroscopic method for data registration and specific burst analysis, denoted multiparameter fluorescence detection (MFD). MFD uses pulsed excitation and time-correlated single-photon counting to simultaneously monitor the evolution of the eight-dimensional fluorescence information (fundamental anisotropy, fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence intensity, time, excitation spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, fluorescence quantum yield, distance between fluorophores) in real time and allows for selection of specific events for subsequent analysis. Using the multiple fluorescence dimensions, we demonstrate a dye labeling scheme of oligonucleotides, by which it is possible to identify and separate 16 different compounds in the mixture via their characteristic pattern by MFD. Such identification procedures and multiplex assays with single-molecule sensitivity may have a great impact on screening of species and events that do not lend themselves so easily to amplification, such as disease-specific proteins and their interactions.
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| 6. |
- Lorenzen, S., et al.
(author)
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Environmental Sustainability of Family Firms : A Meta-Analysis of Handprint and Footprint
- 2024
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In: Entrepreneurship. - : Sage Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our meta-analysis investigates the environmental sustainability performance of family firms (FFs) distinguishing between environmental hand- and footprint and accounting for FF heterogeneity. Based on a sample of 87 primary studies comprising 118,538 firms, we find no significant difference between FFs and non-FFs regarding their overall environmental sustainability performance. Yet, distinguishing between environmental hand- and footprint, we show that FFs have a lower footprint than non-FFs but do not differ regarding their handprint. Firm size, being a public firm, and type of family involvement moderate the effects of FF status on environmental sustainability performance. Our research note extends prior meta-analytical evidence and contributes to a more fine-grained and nuanced understanding of the environmental sustainability performance of FFs. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
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- Helbig, Manuel, et al.
(author)
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Integrating continuous atmospheric boundary layer and tower-based flux measurements to advance understanding of land-atmosphere interactions
- 2021
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In: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923. ; 307
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The atmospheric boundary layer mediates the exchange of energy, matter, and momentum between the land surface and the free troposphere, integrating a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes and is defined as the lowest layer of the atmosphere (ranging from a few meters to 3 km). In this review, we investigate how continuous, automated observations of the atmospheric boundary layer can enhance the scientific value of co-located eddy covariance measurements of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon, water, and energy, as are being made at FLUXNET sites worldwide. We highlight four key opportunities to integrate tower-based flux measurements with continuous, long-term atmospheric boundary layer measurements: (1) to interpret surface flux and atmospheric boundary layer exchange dynamics and feedbacks at flux tower sites, (2) to support flux footprint modelling, the interpretation of surface fluxes in heterogeneous and mountainous terrain, and quality control of eddy covariance flux measurements, (3) to support regional-scale modeling and upscaling of surface fluxes to continental scales, and (4) to quantify land-atmosphere coupling and validate its representation in Earth system models. Adding a suite of atmospheric boundary layer measurements to eddy covariance flux tower sites, and supporting the sharing of these data to tower networks, would allow the Earth science community to address new emerging research questions, better interpret ongoing flux tower measurements, and would present novel opportunities for collaborations between FLUXNET scientists and atmospheric and remote sensing scientists.
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