| 1. |
- Muehlenbein, MP, et al.
(författare)
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Traveller exposures to animals: a GeoSentinel analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of travel medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1708-8305 .- 1195-1982. ; 27:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHuman coexistence with other animals can result in both intentional and unintentional contact with a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian species. International travellers are at risk for such encounters; travellers risk injury, infection and possibly death from domestic and wild animal bites, scratches, licks and other exposures. The aim of the present analysis was to understand the diversity and distribution of animal-related exposures among international travellers.MethodsData from January 2007 through December 2018 from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network were reviewed. Records were included if the exposure was non-migration travel with a diagnosis of an animal (dog, cat, monkey, snake or other) bite or other exposure (non-bite); records were excluded if the region of exposure was not ascertainable or if another, unrelated acute diagnosis was reported.ResultsA total of 6470 animal exposures (bite or non-bite) were included. The majority (71%) occurred in Asia. Travellers to 167 countries had at least one report of an animal bite or non-bite exposure. The majority (76%) involved dogs, monkeys and cats, although a wide range of wild and domestic species were involved. Almost two-thirds (62.6%) of 4395 travellers with information available did not report a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider.ConclusionsMinimizing bites and other animal exposures requires education (particularly during pretravel consultations) and behavioral modification. These should be supplemented by the use of pre-exposure rabies vaccination for travellers to high-risk countries (especially to those with limited access to rabies immunoglobulin), as well as encouragement of timely (in-country) post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus B) when warranted.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Guo, J. -H, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure study of the bases in DNA duplexes by in situ photon-in/photon-out soft X-ray spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 181:2-3, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding protein functionality is of fundamental importance in biochemistry. Soft X-ray transitions, where the core-level vacancies are filled by the valence-orbital electrons, give direct information about the chemical bonding. Soft X-ray absorption and emission study of poly(dG) -poly(dC) in aqueous solutions can elucidate the relation between the structure and functionality of proteins. We report the N K-edge soft X-ray absorption (XAS) and resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to characterize the electronic structure near the Fermi level of DNA duplexes to specify the charge migration mechanism. Since N atoms are included in only bases in DNA duplexes, the XES spectra excited from N Is to unoccupied states purely extract the electronic orbital features of the bases in DNA. The fact that N atoms in different bonding environments form well-defined structure has been determined. The experimental findings provide the evidence for the charge-hopping and/or charge-transfer effects in understanding of electric conduction in DNA duplexes when electrons pass through the pi* states of DNA bases.
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| 4. |
- Butorin, S.M, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable excitation x-ray-fluorescence spectroscopy in phase-analysis of high-Tc superconductors
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of physics-condensed matter. - 0953-8984. ; 6:43, s. 9267-9274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O Kalpha x-ray fluorescence of YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Sr0.85Nd0.15CuO2 samples containing CO3(2-) impurities, as well as pure BaCO3, have been studied using tunable monochromatic synchrotron radiation excitation. When the excitation energy is set to the most intense features in the O 1s absorption edge of cuprates and to bound states above this edge the O Kalpha spectra recorded are very similar to those of pure BaCO3 even if the admixture of CO3(2-) is small. The observed changes in the O Kalpha profiles of multi-phase YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Sr0.85Nd0.15CuO2 samples are discussed in terms of different x-ray absorption cross sections for O in the main phase and in the CO3(2-) fraction.
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| 5. |
- Guo, J.H., et al.
(författare)
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Resonant excitation x-ray-fluorescence from C-60
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 52, s. 10681-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray fluorescence of condensed C-60 has been recorded in high resolution using monochromatic synchrotron radiation excitation. Strong intensity modulation of constituent spectral features is observed with varying excitation energy up to 10 eV above threshold. The energy dependence is interpreted as due to resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, leading to symmetry selection rules governing the two-photon process in the fully symmetric molecule.
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| 6. |
- Krishnamurthy, S, et al.
(författare)
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Soft-x-ray spectroscopic investigation of ferromagnetic Co-doped ZnO
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 99:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic properties of cobalt-doped ZnO were investigated through site-selective and element-sensitive x-ray-absorption spectroscopy in the vicinity of the Co L-2,L-3 edge, the oxygen K edge, and at the Zn L-3 edge. The spectroscopic measurements of the ferromagnetic cobalt-doped ZnO films appear to have additional components in the O K edge x-ray-absorption spectrum not observed in the undoped films. The observed features may derive from both hybridization with unoccupied Co 3d states and also from lattice defects such as oxygen vacancies. Only minor changes in the Zn L-3 edge spectra were observed. These observations are consistent with a polaron percolation model in which the ferromagnetic coupling is mediated by shallow donor electrons trapped in oxygen vacancies and couples the Co atoms substituted on Zn sites in the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, L., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic band structure of graphene from resonant soft x-ray spectroscopy : The role of core-hole effects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 86:24, s. 245430-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure and band dispersion of graphene on SiO2 have been studied by x-ray-absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray-emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). Using first-principles calculations, it is found that the core-hole effect is dramatic in XAS while it has negligible consequences in XES. Strong dispersive features, due to the conservation of crystal momentum, are observed in RIXS spectra. Simulated RIXS spectra based on the Kramers-Heisenberg theory agree well with the experimental results, provided a shift between RIXS and XAS due to the absence or presence of the core hole is taken into account.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Cesar, A, et al.
(författare)
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Resonant x-ray scattering beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation: Symmetry breaking in the oxygen resonant x-ray emission spectrum of carbon dioxide
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - 0021-9606. ; 106:9, s. 3439-3456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although resonant x-ray scattering of molecules fulfills strict electronic symmetry selection rules, as now firmly proven by. spectra of diatomic molecules, the accumulated body of data for polyatomic molecules indicates that an apparent breaking of these rules represents the common situation rather than the exception. The CO2 molecule provides a good example of symmetry breaking, with the. oxygen x-ray emission spectra showing strong intensity for transitions that are forbidden by the parity selection rule. We present time-independent and time-dependent theories for frequency-dependent resonant x-ray scattering beyond, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in order to explore under what circumstances one can anticipate symmetry breaking in the spectra of polyatomic molecules. The theory starts out from the Kramers-Heisenberg dispersion relation and is generalized for vibrational degrees of freedom and for nonadiabatic coupling of the electronic (vibronic) states, including the frequency dependency of, the scattering cross section. Different Limiting cases and few-level models are considered. The symmetry breaking is proven to be the result of pseudo-Jahn-Teller-Like vibronic coupling between near-degenerate core-excited states. Thus vibromic interaction over the antisymmetric vibrational mode between the ''bright'' 1 sigma(g)(-1)2 pi(u)(-1) and ''dark'' 1 sigma(u)(-1)2 pi(u)(-1) intermediate states of CO2 allows transitions otherwise forbidden. The measurements and theory demonstrate that the symmetry-selective character of the resonant x-ray emission is strongly frequency dependent. The strong intensity of ''dipole-forbidden'' transitions in the pi* oxygen K spectrum at resonance is reduced monotonically with the detuning of the excitation energy from resonance, and the spectra become ''symmetry purified.'' Simulations with full vibronic coupling predict this feature of the x-ray scattering experiment and a few-level model explains the energy dependence of the symmetry selection and the symmetry purification at large detuning energies in the limit of narrowband photon excitation.
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| 10. |
- Glans, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy of molecular oxygen
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0031-9007. ; 76:14, s. 2448-2451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant soft x-ray emission spectroscopy has been applied to study the issue of symmetry breaking upon core-hole excitation in molecular oxygen. The results provide direct evidence that the inversion symmetry is not broken in the core-excited states. Furthermore, the experiments themselves demonstrate a new experimental technique of broad applicability for studies of electronic structure and excitation dynamics in free atoms and molecules.
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