| 1. |
- Mosiichuk, N., et al.
(author)
-
Uricemia in juvenile pigs model : Effect of nephrectomy and potassium oxonate
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. - : The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, PAS. - 1230-1388. ; 28:3, s. 254-262
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Uric acid is the end product of dietary and endogenous purine metabolism in humans and higher primates. In all lower mammalian species it is converted to allantoin by liver uricase. The aim of this study was to investigate the uric acid turnover in pig model after nephrectomy surgery, fructose-enriched diet and potassium oxonate application. The first experiment was performed using 4 intact control pigs and 8 nephrectomized (5/6 nephrectomy) pigs. Both groups were fed high-fat diet enriched with 20% of fructose for 3 weeks. During the second experiment, as another approach to induce hyperuricemia, potassium oxonate solution (POx) was administered intravenously to 4 healthy pigs, once or twice per day. In the third preliminary experiment one healthy and two nephrectomized (9/10 nephrectomy) pigs were infused with POx to induce hyperuricemia. Results showed that 5/6 nephrecotomy did not affect plasma uric acid concentration for 25 days following surgery. The consumption of the high-fat diet enriched with 20% of fructose did not result in the rise of plasma uric acid, either in healthy or nephrectomized pigs. Administration of POx solution to healthy and 9/10 nephrectomized pigs resulted in significantly increased plasma uric acid concentrations for 18 h and 24 h, respectively, following a single POx infusion. The present study expands today available data on uric acid metabolism in pigs as a model for exploring uricemia in human with kidney dysfunction.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jiroušek, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Classification of European bog vegetation of the Oxycocco‐Sphagnetea class
- 2022
-
In: Applied Vegetation Science. - : Wiley. - 1402-2001 .- 1654-109X. ; 25:1, s. 1-19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: Classification of European bog vegetation (Oxycocco- Sphagnetea class); iden -tification of diagnostic species for the class and vegetation subgroups (orders and alliances); development of an expert system for automatic classification of vegetation plots; and production of distribution maps of the Oxycocco- Sphagnetea class and its alliances.Location: Europe.Methods: A data set of vegetation- plot records was compiled to include various bog types over most of the European continent. An unsupervised classification (beta- flexible linkage method, Sørensen distance measure) and detrended correspondenceanalysis (DCA) ordination were applied. Formal definitions of syntaxa based on spe -cies presence and covers, and respecting the results of the unsupervised classifica-tion, were developed and included in a classification expert system.Results: The Oxycocco- Sphagnetea class, its two orders (Sphagno- Ericetalia tetralicisand Sphagnetalia medii) and seven compositionally distinct alliances were formally de -fined. In addition to the syntaxa included in EuroVegChecklist, three new alliances were distinguished: Rubo chamaemori- Dicranion elongati (subarctic polygon and palsa mires); Erico mackaianae- Sphagnion papillosi (blanket bogs of the northwestern IberianPeninsula); and Sphagno baltici- Trichophorion cespitosi (boreal bog lawns). The latter alliance is newly described in this article.Conclusions: This first pan- European formalized classification of European bog veg -etation partially followed the system presented in EuroVegChecklist, but suggested three additional alliances. One covers palsa and polygon mires, one covers Iberian bogs with endemics and one fills the syntaxonomical gap for lawn microhabitats in boreal bogs. A classification expert system has been developed, which allows assign -ment of vegetation plots to the types described.
|
|
| 3. |
- Al-Garawi, A., et al.
(author)
-
Influenza A facilitates sensitization to house dust mite in infant mice leading to an asthma phenotype in adulthood
- 2011
-
In: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 4:6, s. 682-694
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The origins of allergic asthma, particularly in infancy, remain obscure. Respiratory viral infections and allergen sensitization in early life have been associated with asthma in young children. However, a causal link has not been established. We investigated whether an influenza A infection in early life alters immune responses to house dust mite (HDM) and promotes an asthmatic phenotype later in life. Neonatal (8-day-old) mice were infected with influenza virus and 7 days later, exposed to HDM for 3 weeks. Unlike adults, neonatal mice exposed to HDM exhibited negligible immune responsiveness to HDM, but not to influenza A. HDM responsiveness in adults was associated with distinct Ly6c(+) CD11b(+) inflammatory dendritic cell and CD8 alpha(+) plasmacytoid (pDC) populations that were absent in HDM-exposed infant mice, suggesting an important role in HDM-mediated inflammation. Remarkably, HDM hyporesponsiveness was overcome when exposure occurred concurrently with an acute influenza infection; young mice now displayed robust allergen-specific immunity, allergic inflammation, and lung remodeling. Remodeling persisted into early adulthood, even after prolonged discontinuation of allergen exposure and was associated with marked impairment of lung function. Our data demonstrate that allergen exposure coincident with acute viral infection in early life subverts constitutive allergen hyporesponsiveness and imprints an asthmatic phenotype in adulthood.
|
|
| 4. |
- Halkier, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Destination development in Western Siberia : tourism governance and evolutionary economic geography
- 2019
-
In: Tourism Geographies. - : Routledge. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 21:2, s. 261-283
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tourism development has often been identified as a tool for balancing negative effects of economic restructuring, especially in peripheral regions. Tourism-based activities often utilize the availability of abundant nature, but although most English language studies of destination development are presented from western contexts, examples from post-Soviet Russia are rare. Western Siberia is a periphery with access to natural resources and heavy industrialization but remotely located from domestic (Russian) and international markets, where tourism is often considered a saviour, especially for the regional economies. Stakeholders in this Russian resource periphery face challenges in managing governance and cooperation in destinations development due to frequent institutional, economic and social changes. Using evolutionary economic geography and based on primary sources and interview data, tourism development and stakeholder relations are assessed in three Western Siberia regions: Tomsk, Kemerovo and Altai Krai. Findings show that for tourism to make a significant contribution, it must be more central to the economic development agenda in all three regions. However, it is currently only achieving a permanent high-profile in one of them, being crowded out by other (mostly primary) industries in the other two. Although the specific tourism governance set-up varies between the three regions, it is clear that public tourism governance still sits somewhat uneasily between state control and the market economy. Tourism receives substantial public subsidies, especially in large-scale investment projects, which depend on federal support within a governance system where decentralization seems to be somewhat limited and unstable. As a result, the tourism path development in the Siberian periphery is highly dependent on state intervention and success in other sectors.
|
|
| 5. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
-
Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 324-326
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
|
|
| 6. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan G., et al.
(author)
-
Experiments suggesting extra-digestive effects of enteral pancreatic amylase and its peptides on glucose homeostasis in a pig model
- 2017
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The studies presented were designed to highlight the impact of pancreatic enzymes on glycemic control and insulin response. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored after intravenous, oral or direct gut glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in 6 pigs with an intact gastrointestinal tract and in 12 pigs following duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. In the intact pigs, pancreatic enzymes (Creon®) given orally 1 h prior to the GTT, lowered the blood glucose levels during the oral and meal GTT and reduced the plasma insulin response during the intravenous and meal GTT. In DJB pigs, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were higher following glucose loading into the by-passed biliopancreatic limb as compared to that following glucose loading orally or into the common intestinal limb. Infusion of amylase or amylase peptides together with glucose into the biliopancreatic limb lowered blood glucose levels in DJB pigs. These preliminary data suggest new, extra-digestive, actions of enteral pancreatic enzymes - probably amylase or its peptides - on glucose homeostasis, with an reduction in net glucose absorption into the blood and in insulin response. This ability of digestive enzymes (amylase) to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia in an insulin-independent manner could aid in preventing the development of obesity and diabetes.
|
|
| 7. |
- Socha-Banasiak, A., et al.
(author)
-
The pig as a model for premature infants - The importance of immunoglobulin supplementation for growth and development
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. - 0393-974X. ; 31:1, s. 87-92
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Preterm human neonates, contrary to preterm piglets, obtain immunoglobulins from their mothers via the placenta during intrauterine development. However, one should note that the majority of trans-placental transfer of immunoglobulins in humans takes place during the last trimester of pregnancy. It is also known that the feeding of limited amounts of colostrum or systemic infusion of small amounts of serum improves the survival of preterm and full-term piglets. Full-term piglets deprived of their mother's immunoglobulins exhibit strong apathy and develop watery diarrhoea, often resulting in death. The aim of the current study was to determine if provision of immunoglobulins using different approaches would be beneficial for survival outcomes. To reach the immunological sufficient level we infused immunoglobulins intravenously in amount mimicking the blood level in piglets fed with sow colostrum. Intravenous infusion of immunoglobulins in both preterm and full-term newborn piglets fully ensured their survival, growth and blood immunoglobulin G and protein levels similar to those observed in piglets fed colostrum. Piglets completely deprived of immunoglobulins exhibited significantly lower blood levels of immunoglobulins and protein compared to colostrum-fed animals. Piglets infused with only serum exhibited significantly lower blood immunoglobulin G level compared to those infused with immunoglobulins. In conclusion, based on the data obtained, we suggest that passive immune support provided by colostrum intake or early systemic infusion of Ig's in sufficient amounts is key to ensuring the general well-being of preterm and full-term new born piglets, used as an animal model for the human infant.
|
|
| 8. |
- Szczurek, P., et al.
(author)
-
Effects of dietary supplementation with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) on the performance of piglets fed creep feed
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 94:7 Supp.3, s. 62-65
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that during the suckling period pancreatic secretion is low. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) and SiO2, as an antibacterial factor, on the performance of piglets fed creep feed during weaning and thereafter. The experiment was performed on piglets from 30 litters. The piglets were divided into 5 groups (n = 63–66) and weaned at the age of 28 d old. The control group received standard creep feed (Days 7–28), and groups P1 and P2 and groups PA1 and PA2 received creep feed with SiO2supplemented with protease (P1 and P2) or with protease+amylase (PA1 and PA2) during Days 7–13 (P1 and PA1) or Days 14–20 (P2 and PA2) before weaning. Dietary supplementation with PLEM and SiO2led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ADG in the treated piglets compared to the control with the best results obtained in group P2. To summarize, creep feed supplemented with PLEM improves productivity parameters of piglets under standard rearing conditions.
|
|
