| 1. |
- Good, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Scenario-based modelling of the potential for solar energy charging of electric vehicles in two Scandinavian cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 168, s. 111-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) should be charged using electricity from renewable energy sources. This paper describes a study of photovoltaics (PV) utilization for EV charging in two Scandinavian cities: Tromsø in Norway and Uppsala in Sweden, with the objective to evaluate self-sufficiency and self-consumption.The suitable areas for PV were determined using building area statistics and utilization factors. The PV yield was simulated for integration scenarios of 10%-100% of the suitable area. EV charging patterns were generated using a stochastic model based on travel survey data. The scenarios include EV penetration of 10%-100% of the personal vehicle fleet.The results show that the PV energy yield could cover the EV load in most of the scenarios, but that the temporal load match could be improved. The energy balance was positive for all seasons and EV levels if the PV integration was over 50%. The highest self-sufficiency was achieved in Tromsø during summer, due to the longer days. For high EV penetration and low PV integration, the self-sufficiency was higher in Uppsala, indicating that installed PV power is more important than yield profile above a certain number of EVs.
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| 2. |
- Hsu, Angel, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities and barriers to net-zero cities
- 2022
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:7, s. 739-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, more than 700 cities worldwide have made net-zero pledges. Managing these bold targets, however, is not easy given the complexity of urban systems. Although holistic mitigation efforts are vital, individual sectors are likely to face their own challenges and require tailor-made solutions. This Voices asks: what are the challenges and opportunities in transforming cities toward net-zero carbon emissions?
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| 3. |
- Lingfors, David, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling City Scale Spatio-temporal Solar Energy Generation and Electric Vehicle Charging Load
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on the Integration of Solar Power into Power Systems. - 9783982008004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a model for estimatingbuilding-applied photovoltaic (PV) energy yield and electric ve- hicle (EV) charging temporally over time and spatially on a city scale. The model enables transient assessment of the synergy between EV and PV, thus is called the EV-PV Synergy Model. Spatio-temporal data on solar irradiance is used in combination with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to generate realistic spatio-temporal solar power generation profiles. The spatio-temporal EV charging profiles are produced with a stochastic Markov chain model trained on a large Swedish data set of travel patterns combined with OpenStreetMap (OSM) for deterministically identifying parking spaces in cities. The modelled estimates of solar power generation andEV charging are combined to determine the magnitude and correlation between PV power generation and EV charging over time on city scale for Uppsala, Sweden. Two months (January and July) were simulated to represent Sweden’s climate extremes. The EV penetration level was assumed to be 100% and all the roofs with yearly irradiation higher than 1000 kWh/m2 were assumed to have PV panels. The results showed that, even in January with the lowestsolar power generation and maximum EV load, there can be a positive net-generation (defined as the integration of PV generation minus EV charging load over time) in some locations within the city. Central locations exhibited a positive temporal correlation between EV charging load and PV generation. Negative temporal correlations were observed in the outskirts of the city, where typically night time home-charging was prevalent. In the highest PV power generation month (July) the solar generation was 16 times higher than the EV charging load. Spatially, the net-generation was positive in almost the entire city. However, the time-series correlation between the EV charging load and the PV generation reached more extreme positive and negative values in comparison with January. This was a result of the higher variability in irradiance during July in comparison with January. In summary, we find that there is a favorable synergy of EV-PV technology within the city center with assumptions of workplace charging behaviors for both winter and summer months. An unfavorable synergy with suburban areas where typically nighttime charging behaviors negatively correlate to PV generation. This suggests that distributed PV should be targeted around city center/workplace EV charging stations.
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