| 1. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial wastewater treatment plant enriches antibiotic resistance genes and alters the structure of microbial communities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 162, s. 437-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global health crisis, driven largely by overuse and misuse of antibiotics. However, there are examples in which the production of these antimicrobial agents has polluted the environment with active antibiotic residues, selecting for antibiotic resistant bacteria and the genes they carry. In this work, we have used shotgun metagenomics to investigate the taxonomic structure and resistance gene composition of sludge communities in a treatment plant in Croatia receiving wastewater from production of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. We found that the total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes was three times higher in sludge from the treatment plant receiving wastewater from pharmaceutical production than in municipal sludge from a sewage treatment plant in Zagreb. Surprisingly, macrolide resistance genes did not have higher abundances in the industrial sludge, but genes associated with mobile genetic elements such as integrons had. We conclude that at high concentrations of antibiotics, selection may favor taxonomic shifts towards intrinsically resistant species or strains harboring chromosomal resistance mutations rather than acquisition of mobile resistance determinants. Our results underscore the need for regulatory action also within Europe to avoid release of antibiotics into the environment.
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| 2. |
- Broz, J, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of oils on PAH, PCDD, PCDF, and PCB emissions from a spark engine fueled with leaded gasoline
- 2000
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 41:12, s. 1905-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of synthetic and mineral oils on the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) in emissions from a spark ignition engine was studied on a Skoda Favorit engine fueled with leaded gasoline. The test cycle simulated urban traffic conditions on a chassis dynamometer, in accordance with the ECC 83.00 test. The data for selected PAHs as well as PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs congener profiles are presented. PCDD/Fs emissions for an unused oil and the oil after 10000-km operation varied from 300 to 2000 fmol/m3, PCBs emissions from 75 to 178 pmol/m3, and PAHs emissions from 150 to 420 g/m3. The content of PCBs in oils varied from 2 to 920 mg/kg.
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| 3. |
- Cerveny, D., et al.
(författare)
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Neuroactive drugs and other pharmaceuticals found in blood plasma of wild European fish
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To gain a better understanding of which pharmaceuticals could pose a risk to fish, 94 pharmaceuticals representing 23 classes were analyzed in blood plasma from wild bream, chub, and roach captured at 18 sites in Germany, the Czech Republic and the UK, respectively. Based on read across from humans, we evaluated the risks of pharmacological effects occurring in the fish for each measured pharmaceutical. Twenty-three compounds were found in fish plasma, with the highest levels measured in chub from the Czech Republic. None of the German bream had detectable levels of pharmaceuticals, whereas roach from the Thames had mostly low concentrations. For two pharmaceuticals, four individual Czech fish had plasma concentrations higher than the concentrations reached in the blood of human patients taking the corresponding medication. For nine additional compounds, determined concentrations exceeded 10% of the corresponding human therapeutic plasma concentration in 12 fish. The majority of the pharmaceuticals where a clear risk for pharmacological effects was identified targets the central nervous system. These include e.g. flupentixol, haloperidol, and risperidone, all of which have the potential to affect fish behavior. In addition to identifying pharmaceuticals of environmental concern, the results emphasize the value of environmental monitoring of internal drug levels in aquatic wildlife, as well as the need for more research to establish concentration-response relationships. © 2020 The Author(s)
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| 4. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Towards Sustainable Pharmaceuticals in a Healthy Society. - Stockholm : MistraPharma Research. - 978 91 97883603 ; , s. 36-45
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Grabicova, K, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue-specific bioconcentration of antidepressants in fish exposed to effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 488-489, s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue-specific bioconcentration of selected antidepressants was studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to undiluted effluent from a Swedish municipal sewage treatment plant for 13 days. Citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine were found in the brains and livers of most fish, but not in blood plasma or muscle. Venlafaxine was the only drug found in plasma (3/20 fish). Fluoxetine was not detected in any fish tissue, in accordance with a low concentration in the effluent and a comparably high limit of quantification in tissues. Concentrations of citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine in fish brain were up to 1/12, 1/8 and 1/26, respectively, of the lowest concentrations found in the brains of mammals treated with therapeutic doses. Thus, given co-exposure to several antidepressants and an assumed similar potency in fish, the margin of safety for target-related effects in fish residing in effluent-dominated streams is relatively low. Furthermore, the non-detectable levels of these drugs in blood plasma suggest that analyses of concentrations in target tissues (brain) would be more informative in field studies and other studies with environmentally realistic exposure concentrations.
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| 6. |
- Hey, Gerly, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation of pharmaceuticals by chlorine dioxide in biologically treated wastewater
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 185, s. 236-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologically treated wastewater spiked with a mixture of 56 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was treated with 0-20 mg/L chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solution in laboratory-scale experiments. Wastewater effluents were collected from two wastewater treatment plants in Sweden, one with extended nitrogen removal (low COD) and one without (high COD). About one third of the tested APIs resisted degradation even at the highest ClO2 dose (20 mg/L), while others were reduced by more than 90% at the lowest ClO2 level (0.5 mg/L). In the low COD effluent, more than half of the APIs were oxidized at 5 mg/L ClO2, while in high COD effluent a significant increase in API oxidation was observed after treatment with 8 mg/L ClO2. This study illustrates the successful degradation of several APIs during treatment of wastewater effluents with chlorine dioxide.
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| 7. |
- Hörsing, Maritha, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of sorption of seventy five pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water Research. - Oxford : Pergamon P.. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 45:15, s. 4470-4482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sorption of 75 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to three different types of sludge (primary sludge, secondary sludge with short and long sludge age respectively) were investigated. To obtain the sorption isotherms batch studies with the APIs mixture were performed in four nominal concentrations to water containing 1 g of sludge. The range of APIs concentrations was between ng L-1 to μg L-1 which are found in the wastewater effluents. Isotherms were obtained for approximately 45 of the APIs, providing distribution coefficients for linear (Kd), Freundlich (Kf) and Langmuir (KL) isotherms. Kd, Kf and KL ranging between 7.1×104-3.8×107, 1.1×10-2- 6.1×104 and 9.2×10-3- 1.1L kg-1, respectively. The obtained coefficients were applied to estimate the fraction of APIs in the water phase (see Abstract Graphic). For 37 of the 75 APIs the predicted presence in the liquid phase was estimated to > 80%. 24 APIs were estimated to be present in the liquid phase between 20 - 80 %, and 14 APIs were found to have < 20% presence in the liquid phase, i.e. high affinity towards sludge. Furthermore, the effect of pH at values 6, 7 and 8 was evaluated using one way ANOVA-test. A significant difference in Kds due to pH changes were found for 6 of the APIs (variation 10-20%). Graphical abstractHiglights ► Sorption isotherms were experimentally obtained for roughly 45 of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). ► By sorption to sludge the removal of 31 APIs were estimated to be < 20%.in the WWTP. ► By sorption to sludge the removal of 15 APIs were estimated to be >80% in the WWTP. ► For 13of the API the sorption to sludge was stronger than 1.2 ×106 L kg-1. ► For 10 of the API the sorption to sludge was less than 100 L kg-1
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Magnusson, Kerstin, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Bioaccumulation of PCB congeners in marine benthic infauna
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 61:4, s. 379-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in sediment and nine marine soft bottom invertebrate species. Lipid- and organic carbon normalised biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were determined for 29 nonplanar and 11 coplanar congeners. To investigate whether the bioaccumulation was in thermodynamic equilibrium with the sediment, the determined BSAFs were compared to theoretically calculated ones to obtain a BSAF(det)/BSAF(theor)-ratio. Large interspecific variations were found: one suspension feeding and one deposit feeding species of brittle stars (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei), and one predatory polychaete (Glycera rouxii) had ratios > 1 for congeners with log K-ow > 6.5. In these species there was also a linear relationship between logK(ow) and BSAF, both for coplanar and for planar congeners but with lower values for coplanar ones. For other species the pattern was more scattered. Only the deposit feeding polychaete Melinna cristata had BSAF(det)/BSAF(theor)-ratios < 1 for all congeners. Thus, the interspecific variations in bioaccumulation did not correlate with differences in feeding strategies, but may be caused by differences in biotransformation, and in age and size of the analysed specimens. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- van Nuijs, Alexander L. N., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-year inter-laboratory exercises for the analysis of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater : development of a quality control system
- 2018
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Ingår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0165-9936 .- 1879-3142. ; 103, s. 34-43
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-seven laboratories from 25 countries present the development of an inter-laboratory testing scheme for the analysis of seven illicit drug residues in standard solutions, tap- and wastewater. Almost 10 000 concentration values were evaluated: triplicates of up to five samples and 26 laboratories per year. The setup was substantially improved with experiences gained across the six repetitions (e.g. matrix type, sample conditions, spiking levels). From this, (pre-)analytical issues (e.g. pH adjustment, filtration) were revealed for specific analytes which resulted in formulation of best-practice protocols for inter-laboratory setup and analytical procedures. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the interlaboratory setup to assess laboratory performance in the framework of wastewater-based epidemiology. The exercise proved that measurements of laboratories were of high quality (>80% satisfactory results for six out of seven analytes) and that analytical follow-up is important to assist laboratories in improving robustness of wastewater-based epidemiology results.
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