| 1. |
- Goni, Maria Fernanda Sanchez, et al.
(author)
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The ACER pollen and charcoal database : a global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period
- 2017
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 9:2, s. 679-695
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st-century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D-O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here, we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database, which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73-15 ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1000 years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (C-14, U-234/Th-230, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), Ar-40/Ar-39-dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts, and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes and is archived in Microsoft Access (TM) at https://doi. org/10.1594/PANGAEA. 870867.
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| 2. |
- Feiccabrino, James M., et al.
(author)
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A new GIS landscape classification method for rain/snow temperature thresholds in surface based models
- 2017
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In: Hydrology Research. - : IWA Publishing. - 1998-9563 .- 0029-1277 .- 2224-7955. ; 48:4, s. 902-914
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Landscape air temperature thresholds (TA) and percent misclassified precipitation (error) for 12 years of meteorological observations from 40 stations across the Scandinavian Peninsula were derived and compared using both manual and geographic information system (GIS) landscape classification methods. Dew-point, wet-bulb, and wet bulb 0.5 were also tested. Both classification methods used the following west to east landscape categories: windward (WW) ocean, coast, fjord, hill, and mountain in Norway; and leeward (LW) mountain, hill, rolling terrain, and coast in Sweden. GIS landscape classification has the advantages of automating the classification process and increasing objectivity. The GIS classification was based on station location (LW or WW) relative to the Scandinavian mountain range, and the % water or range of elevation change within 15 km. The GIS and manual method had the same TA for 20 stations, and similar total reduction in error (2.29 to 2.17% respectively) when compared to country TA. Therefore, automated GIS landscape classification can be used to decrease error from common country or global scale TA. Wet-bulb temperature thresholds for GIS landscapes resulted in a greater reduction in error (8.26%) compared to air (2.29%), and dew-point (-16.67%) thresholds. However, finding stations reporting relative humidity or wetbulb temperature may limit its widespread use.
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| 3. |
- Grigg, Laurie D., et al.
(author)
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Testing the applicability of physiographic classification methods toward improving precipitation phase determination in conceptual models
- 2020
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In: Hydrology Research. - : IWA Publishing. - 1998-9563 .- 0029-1277 .- 2224-7955. ; 51:2, s. 169-179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regions with a large percentage of precipitation occurring near freezing experience high percentages (>10%) of misclassified precipitation events (rain versus snow) and necessitate efforts to improve precipitation phase determination schemes through the use of more accurate surface air temperature thresholds (Trs). Meteorological data from 169 sites in Scandinavia were used to test the applicability of using physiographic categories to determine Trs. Three classification methods involving varying degrees of automation were evaluated. The two automated methods tested did not perform as well as when tested on a smaller region, showing only 0.16% and 0.20% reduction in error. A semi-manual method produced the largest average reduction in misclassified precipitation (0.53%) across all sites. Further refinement of classification criteria for mountain and hill stations showed that at mesoscales (>5 km), maximum elevation is a better predictor of Trs (0.89% average reduction in error) than terrain relief (0.22%), but that relief becomes increasingly important at microscales (0.90%). A new method for categorizing mountainous stations based on upslope or downslope air movement increased the average reduction in error up to 0.53%. These results provide a framework for future landscape classification methods and confirm the importance of microscale topography for determining Trs in alpine regions.
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