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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the integrated Luminosities of cross-section scan data samples around the psi(3770) mass region
- 2018
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In: Chinese Physics C. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 42:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the nature of the psi(3770) resonance and to measure the cross section for e(+)e(-) -> D (D) over bar, a cross-section scan data sample, distributed among 41 center-of-mass energy points from 3.73 to 3.89 GeV, was taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider in the year 2010. By analyzing the large angle Bhabha scattering events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample at each center-of-mass energy point. The total integrated luminosity of the data sample is 76.16 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.61 pb(-1), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
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| 7. |
- Deng, Yin, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Zr/(Sc plus Zr) microalloying on dynamic recrystallization, dislocation density and hot workability of Al-Mg alloys during hot compression deformation
- 2023
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In: Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. - : ELSEVIER. - 1003-6326 .- 2210-3384. ; 33:3, s. 668-682
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The deformation behavior and microstructure characteristics of Al-6.00Mg, Al-6.00Mg-0.10Zr and Al-6.00Mg-0.25Sc-0.10Zr (wt.%) alloys were investigated by hot compression tests and electron microscopy methods. The results show that after deforming under the maximum processing efficiency condition (673 K, 0.01 s-1), dislocation densities of Al-6.00Mg, Al-6.00Mg-0.10Zr and Al-6.00Mg-0.25Sc-0.10Zr alloys are 2.68x1016, 8.93x1016 and 6.1x1017 m-2, respectively. Their dynamic recrystallization fractions are 19.8%, 15.0% and 12.7%, respectively. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) analyses indicate that dislocation accumulation near grain boundaries is enhanced by adding Zr or Sc+Zr. Besides, the established hot processing maps, based on the dynamic material model (DMM), reveal that the addition of Zr or Sc+Zr can reduce the range of low-temperature unstable domain but expand the unstable domain at high temperatures and high strains. The experimental results further verify that under the testing deformation condition, only the Al-6.00Mg-0.25Sc-0.10Zr alloy cracks at 773 K and 1 s-1.
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| 8. |
- Zhu, Xin-wen, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Al3(Sc1-xZrx) nano-particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded Al-Mg-Mn alloys
- 2023
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In: Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. - : Elsevier. - 1003-6326 .- 2210-3384. ; 33:1, s. 25-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded Al-5.50Mg-0.45Mn and Al-5.50Mg- 0.45Mn-0.25Sc-0.10Zr (wt.%) alloys were investigated by tensile tests and microscopy methods. The results show that the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Al-Mg-Mn joint are (191 +/- 3) MPa, (315 +/- 1) MPa and (4.8 +/- 1.9)%, respectively. The corresponding values of the Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr joint are (288 +/- 5) MPa, (391 +/- 2) MPa and (3.4 +/- 1.0)%. The Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr joint has smaller grain size, lower average misorientation angle and higher low-angle grain boundary fraction than the Al-Mg-Mn joint. Both the two joints fracture at the weld nugget zone (WNZ), and Al3(Sc1-xZrx) nano-particles with a mean size of (9.92 +/- 2.69) nm still remain in this "weakest zone". Theoretical calculation indicates that nano-particles can provide Orowan and grain boundary strengthening in WNZ, increasing the yield strength of the Al-Mg-Mn joint by 97 MPa.
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| 9. |
- Guo, Di, et al.
(author)
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Cholecystokinin-like peptide mediates satiety by inhibiting sugar attraction
- 2021
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In: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 17:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Feeding is essential for animal survival and reproduction and is regulated by both internal states and external stimuli. However, little is known about how internal states influence the perception of external sensory cues that regulate feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind nutritional state-mediated regulation of gustatory perception in control of feeding behavior in the brown planthopper and Drosophila. We found that feeding increases the expression of the cholecystokinin-like peptide, sulfakinin (SK), and the activity of a set of SK-expressing neurons. Starvation elevates the transcription of the sugar receptor Gr64f and SK negatively regulates the expression of Gr64f in both insects. Interestingly, we found that one of the two known SK receptors, CCKLR-17D3, is expressed by some of Gr64f-expressing neurons in the proboscis and proleg tarsi. Thus, we have identified SK as a neuropeptide signal in a neuronal circuitry that responds to food intake, and regulates feeding behavior by diminishing gustatory receptor gene expression and activity of sweet sensing GRNs. Our findings demonstrate one nutritional state-dependent pathway that modulates sweet perception and thereby feeding behavior, but our experiments cannot exclude further parallel pathways. Importantly, we show that the underlying mechanisms are conserved in the two distantly related insect species.
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| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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In: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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