| 1. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(author)
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Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden)
- 2016
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In: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 16, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent molecular studies have identified substantial fungal diversity in indoor environments. Fungi and fungal particles have been linked to a range of potentially unwanted effects in the built environment, including asthma, decay of building materials, and food spoilage. The study of the built mycobiome is hampered by a number of constraints, one of which is the poor state of the metadata annotation of fungal DNA sequences from the built environment in public databases. In order to enable precise interrogation of such data – for example, “retrieve all fungal sequences recovered from bathrooms” – a workshop was organized at the University of Gothenburg (May 23-24, 2016) to annotate public fungal barcode (ITS) sequences according to the MIxS-Built Environment annotation standard (http://gensc.org/mixs/). The 36 participants assembled a total of 45,488 data points from the published literature, including the addition of 8,430 instances of countries of collection from a total of 83 countries, 5,801 instances of building types, and 3,876 instances of surface-air contaminants. The results were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee) and were shared with other online resources. Data obtained from human/animal pathogenic fungi will furthermore be verified on culture based metadata for subsequent inclusion in the ISHAM-ITS database (http://its.mycologylab.org).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abbott, Allan, et al.
(author)
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Analgesic prescriptions received by patients before commencing the BOA model of care for osteoarthritis: a Swedish national registry study with matched reference and clinical guideline benchmarking
- 2022
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 93, s. 51-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose - Swedish clinical guidelines for osteoarthritis (OA) prioritize patient education, exercise, and-if necessary-weight reduction before considering adjunct pharmacological intervention. Contrariwise, we investigated the proportion and type of dispensed analgesic prescriptions in Sweden received by patients during 3 years before commencing non-pharmacological primary care interventions for OA (2008-2016) compared with the general population. Furthermore, we analyzed the proportion of analgesic prescriptions dispensed before (2008-2012) compared with after (2012-2016) guideline publication in terms of concordance with clinical guideline recommendations. Patients and methods - Patients with hip or knee OA (n = 72,069) from the Better Management of OA national quality register receiving non-pharmacological interventions in primary care between 2008 and 2016 were included (OA cohort). An age, sex, and residence matched reference cohort (n = 216,207) was formed from the Swedish Total Population Register. Based on a period 3 years prior to inclusion in the OA cohort, Swedish Prescribed Drug Register data was linked to both the OA and reference cohorts. Results - Compared with the reference cohort, a distinctly larger proportion of the OA cohort had dispensed prescriptions for most types of analgesics, increasing exponentially each year prior to commencing non-pharmacological intervention. Since guideline publication, the proportion of the OA cohort having no dispensed prescription analgesics prior to non-pharmacological primary care intervention concordantly increased by 5.0% (95% CI 4.2-5.9). Furthermore, dispensed prescriptions concordantly decreased for non-selective NSAIDs -8.6% (CI -9.6 to -7.6), weak opioids -6.8% (CI -7.7 to -5.9), glucosamine -9.5% (CI -9.8 to -8.8). and hyaluronic acid -1.6% (CI -1.8 to -1.5) but discordantly increased for strong opioids 2.8% (CI 2.1-3.4) and glucocorticoid intra-articular injection for hip OA 2.1% (CI 1.0-3.1). Interpretation - In Sweden, dispensed prescription of analgesics commonly occurred before initiating non-pharmacological primary care interventions for OA but reduced modestly after guideline publication, which prioritizes non-pharmacological before pharmacological interventions. Additional modest improvements occurred in the stepped-care prioritization of analgesic prescription types. However, future strategies are required to curb an increase of strong opioids prescription for OA and glucocorticoid intra-articular injection for hip OA.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahlquist, Mårten, et al.
(author)
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Rhodium(I) hydrogenation in water : Kinetic studies and the detection of an intermediate using C-13{H-1} PHIPNMR spectroscopy
- 2007
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In: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1693 .- 1873-3255. ; 360:5, s. 1621-1627
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanism for hydrogenation of dimethylmaleate in water using cationic rhodium complexes with water-soluble bi-dentate phosphines has been investigated using kinetics and a novel method for the indirect detection of intermediates in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, whereby a late intermediate was detected. A mechanism is proposed involving fast, irreversible substrate binding followed by a rate-determining reaction with dihydrogen.
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| 6. |
- Blomqvist, Göran, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Damning från flygaskstabiliserade grusvägar
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Obundna vägar dammar genom trafikens framfart över dem. Sådan damning kan leda till trafiksäkerhets- och hälsorisker, olägenheter för närboende och ett accelererat nedbrytande av grusvägens slitlager. Det har funnits misstanke om att grusvägar där bärlagret stabiliserats med inblandning av flygaska skulle damma mer än konventionella grusvägar. Därför undersöktes damningen vid två fältlokaler där både asksträckor och konventionellt byggda sträckor fanns. Forskningsuppgiften var att jämföra damningen och svara på frågan om askvägar dammar mer än de konventionellt byggda vägarna. Dessutom skulle spridningen av damm till omgivningen kartläggas och förekomsten av aska i det uppvirvlade dammet detekteras. Projektet genomförs som ett samarbetsprojekt mellan VTI, SGI och Högskolan Dalarna, men även IVL har varit med i projektgruppen. Resultaten riktar sig till planerare och drift- och underhållsansvariga hos väghållare, entreprenörer och myndigheter. Fältmätningarna har innefattat såväl väletablerade som innovativa mätmetoder för bestämning av damning och sådana faktorer som påverkar damning som grusslitlagrets vattenkvot och kornstorleksfördelning.
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| 7. |
- Borgquist, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Micro- and macromechanical effects on the wound bed of negative pressure wound therapy using gauze and foam.
- 2010
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In: Annals of Plastic Surgery. - 1536-3708. ; 64:6, s. 789-793
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) results in 2 types of tissue deformation, macrodeformation (ie, wound contraction) and microdeformation (ie, the interaction of tissue and dressing on a microscopic level). These effects have been delineated for one type of wound filler, foam, but not for gauze. The mechanical deformation initiates a signaling cascade which ultimately leads to wound healing. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of gauze and foam on macro- and microdeformation during treatment with negative pressure. An in vivo porcine peripheral wound model was used. NPWT was applied for 72 hours at 0, -75, and -125 mm Hg, using either foam or gauze as wound filler. The mechanical effects of NPWT were examined by measuring the wound surface area reduction and by histologic analysis of the wound bed tissue. Similar degrees of wound contraction (macrodeformation) were seen during NPWT regardless if foam or gauze was used. After negative pressure had been discontinued, the wound stayed contracted. There was no difference in wound contraction between -75 and -125 mm Hg. Biopsies of the wound bed revealed a repeating pattern of wound surface undulations and small tissue blebs ("tissue mushrooms") were pulled into the pores of the foam dressing and the spaces between the threads in the gauze dressing (microdeformation). This pattern was obvious in wounds treated both with foam and gauze, at atmospheric pressure (0 mm Hg) as well as at subatmospheric pressures (-75 and -125 mm Hg). The degrees of micro- and macrodeformation of the wound bed are similar after NPWT regardless if foam or gauze is used as wound filler.
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| 8. |
- Bost, Jeremy P., et al.
(author)
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Novel endosomolytic compounds enable highly potent delivery of antisense oligonucleotides
- 2022
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The therapeutic and research potentials of oligonucleotides (ONs) have been hampered in part by their inability to effectively escape endosomal compartments to reach their cytosolic and nuclear targets. Splice-switching ONs (SSOs) can be used with endosomolytic small molecule compounds to increase functional delivery. So far, development of these compounds has been hindered by a lack of high-resolution methods that can correlate SSO trafficking with SSO activity. Here we present in-depth characterization of two novel endosomolytic compounds by using a combination of microscopic and functional assays with high spatiotemporal resolution. This system allows the visualization of SSO trafficking, evaluation of endosomal membrane rupture, and quantitates SSO functional activity on a protein level in the presence of endosomolytic compounds. We confirm that the leakage of SSO into the cytosol occurs in parallel with the physical engorgement of LAMP1-positive late endosomes and lysosomes. We conclude that the new compounds interfere with SSO trafficking to the LAMP1-positive endosomal compartments while inducing endosomal membrane rupture and concurrent ON escape into the cytosol. The efficacy of these compounds advocates their use as novel, potent, and quick-acting transfection reagents for antisense ONs.
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| 9. |
- Buhlin, K., et al.
(author)
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Periodontal treatment influences risk markers for atherosclerosis in patients with severe periodontitis
- 2009
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 206:2, s. 518-522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of mechanical infection control for periodontitis and periodontal surgery on the prevalence of well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis, and plasma levels of cytokines, antibodies against heat shock proteins and markers of systemic inflammation. Sixty-eight patients between 39 and 73 years of age with severe periodontitis who had been referred to four specialist periodontology clinics in Sweden were investigated. A fasting venous blood sample was taken at baseline and additional samples were collected after 3 and 12 months. A total of 54 patients underwent periodontal treatment. The periodontal treatment was successful, as pathogenic gingival pockets decreased significantly. Plasma glucose, lipids and markers of systemic inflammation were not significantly altered after 3 months. One year after the initial treatment, HDL-C concentrations were significantly increased (Δ0.08 mmol/L) whereas LDL-C concentrations decreased (Δ0.23 mmol/L). Haptoglobin concentrations were also lower. Interleukin-18 and interferon-γ levels were also lower after 12 months (60 ng/L (-23%) and 11 ng/L (-97%) respectively). Treatment had no effect on plasma levels of IgA, IgG1, IgG2 antibodies against heat shock proteins. In conclusion, this study indicates that standard treatment for periodontal disease induces systemic changes in several biochemical markers that reflect the risk for atherosclerosis.
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| 10. |
- Buhlin, K., et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis in cases with severe periodontitis
- 2009
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In: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 36:7, s. 541-549
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Studies have reported on an association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontitis. The purpose of this case-control study was to provide an insight into this association by determining the plasma levels of some risk markers for CVD in cases with periodontitis.Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight cases with periodontitis, mean age 53.9 (SD 7.9) years, and 48 randomly selected healthy controls, mean age 53.1 (SD 7.9) years, were investigated. Fasting blood plasma was analysed for glucose, lipids, markers systemic inflammation, cytokines and antibodies against heat shock proteins (Hsp). The associations between periodontitis and the various substances analysed in plasma were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model, which compensated for age, gender, smoking and body mass index.Results: The regression analyses revealed a significant association between periodontitis and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [odds ratio (OR) 4.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.4-11.4] and fibrinogen (OR 8.7, CI 2.6-28.4), IL-18 (OR 6.5, CI 2.2-19.5), and decreased levels of IL-4 (OR 0.12, CI 0.0-0.5). The study showed increased levels of antibodies against Hsp65 (OR 2.8, CI 1-7.6) and 70 (OR 2.9, CI 1.1-7.8) and decreased levels of antibodies against Hsp60 (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-0.8).Conclusions: Periodontitis was associated with increased levels of CRP, glucose, fibrinogen and IL-18, and with decreased levels of IL-4.
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