| 1. |
- Hallberg, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Towards second-generation smart card-based authentication in health information systems : the secure server model.
- 2001
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In: Medinfo. - 1569-6332. ; 10:Pt 2, s. 1257-1261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conventional smart card-based authentication systems used in health care alleviate some of the security issues in user and system authentication. Existing models still do not cover all security aspects. To enable new protective measures to be developed, an extended model of the authentication process is presented. This model includes a new entity referred to as secure server. Assuming a secure server, a method where the smart card is aware of the status of the terminal integrity verification becomes feasible. The card can then act upon this knowledge and restrict the exposure of sensitive information to the terminal as required in order to minimize the risks. The secure server model can be used to illuminate the weaknesses of current approaches and the need for extensions which alleviate the resulting risks.
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| 2. |
- Granåsen, Magdalena, 1978-
(author)
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Exploring C2 Capability and Effectiveness in Challenging Situations : Interorganizational Crisis Management, Military Operations and Cyber Defence
- 2019
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Modern societies are affected by various threats and hazards, including natural disasters, cyber-attacks, extreme weather events and inter-state conflicts. Managing these challenging situations requires immediate actions, suspension of ordinary procedures, decision making under uncertainty and coordinated action. In other words, challenging situations put high demands on the command and control (C2) capability. To strengthen the capability of C2, it is vital to identify the prerequisites for effective coordination and direction within the domain of interest. This thesis explores C2 capability and effectiveness in three domains: interorganizational crisis management, military command and control, and cyber defence operations. The thesis aims to answer three research questions: (1) What constitutes C2 capability? (2) What constitutes C2 effectiveness? and (3) How can C2 effectiveness be assessed? The work was carried out as two case studies and one systematic literature review. The main contributions of the thesis are the identification of perspectives of C2 capability in challenging situations and an overview of approaches to C2 effectiveness assessment. Based on the results of the three studies, six recurring perspectives of capability in the domains studied were identified: interaction (collaboration), direction and coordination, relationships, situation awareness, resilience and preparedness. In the domains there are differences concerning which perspectives that are most emphasized in order obtain C2 capability. C2 effectiveness is defined as the extent to which a C2 system is successful in achieving its intended result. The thesis discusses the interconnectedness of performance and effectiveness measures, and concludes that there is not a united view on the difference between measures of effectiveness and measures of performance. Different approaches to effectiveness assessment were identified, where assessment may be conducted based on one specific issue, in relation to a defined goal for a C2 function or using a more exploratory approach.
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| 3. |
- Granåsen, Magdalena, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Mission Command in a Concept for Future Command and Control
- 2018
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In: 23rd International Command and Control Research & Technology Symposium (ICCRTS). - : International Command and Control Institute. - 9780999724613
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Future Command and Control (C2) need to be both agile and resilient to cope with unpredictable operational environments and to make use of the technological advances. The Swedish Armed Forces develops a concept for future C2 of military operations. The objective of this paper is to explore the utilization of mission command in a future C2 concept. Sweden has a solid tradition of mission command, promoted by the Swedish culture of participation and empowerment. However, the future operational environment demands a need for organizational agility, thus changing the prerequisites for mission command. The future C2 concept, which is under development, encompasses centralized and decentralized command in fixed and temporary organizations. Centralized approaches may be preferred when it comes to prioritization of technologically advanced exclusive resources. On the other hand, dynamic situations demand rapid decision making and seizing the opportunity given in the moment. The future operational environment includes hybrid warfare and gray zone issues, demanding thorough analysis in order to foresee the political consequences of decisions. Sensor and communication technologies enable enhanced situation awareness; however, the infrastructure is vulnerable. The current paper analyses the application of mission command in the future operational environment, and further mission command in relation to organizational agility. The conclusion is that mission command is still relevant in the complex future operational environment. However, the increasingly complex operational environment demands continuous development of the C2 function.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hallberg, Niklas, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Framework for C2 Concept Development : Exploring Design Logic and Systems Engineering
- 2018
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In: 23rd International Command and Control Research & Technology Symposium. - : International Command and Control Institute. - 9780999724613
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The conditions for military operations have changed due to, e.g., globalization, climate change, and nations' ambitions and actions. This has resulted in new demands on command and control (C2) capability. Further, the rapid evolution of information technology has provided vigorous opportunities to enhance the C2 capability, e.g., through advanced communication, information management, and decision support. However, the need to rely on modern technology also causes increased vulnerabilities. The sociotechnical nature of C2 systems means that the development of C2 systems is complex and challenging. Developing C2 concepts requires collaboration between people from different knowledge disciplines, traditions, and perspectives. Therefore, there is a need for elaborated concept development approaches and structures that promote collaborative efforts. The objective of this paper is a framework for the development of C2 concepts that enhance the collaboration of people from different traditions. The study was carried out as case study performed in two steps: theoretical development and formative evaluation. The case study targets the development of C2 concepts for future military operations of the Swedish Armed Forces. The framework includes terminology models, a development process, and system representations. The case study shows that in diverse teams, it is essential to agree upon terminology, development process, and systems representations used for the development to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary rework. The framework explored in this paper is only in its first version. However, the development and the application of the framework was found to facilitate and focus the work of the multi-disciplinary team.
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Niklas, 1966-
(author)
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Incorporating user values in the design of information systems and services in the public sector : a methods approach
- 1999
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis is motivated by the aim of public-sector organizations to become more efficient by quality improvement efforts and the introduction of infonnation systems. The main objective is to explore methods for the design of infonnation systems and information-system-supported services in the public sector, which meet the users' needs.The thesis is based on six connected studies. The first study was to describe the structure of how the staff at public-service units seek advice. Based on data collected through interviews, a quantitative analysis was performed at primary healthcare centers. In the second study, the use of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for orientation of public services to a quasi-market situation was investigated. The study displayed how clinical-social-medical services can be orientated to better suit the referral institutions' needs. The third study was performed to adjust a QFD model to a method for the design of information systems in the public sector. The development of the model was performed in a blocked-case study. In the fourth study, the model was extended and applied in a case study where it was used for participatory design of information-system supported services. In the fifth study, the possibility of integrating the QFD model with process graph notations was investigated. The study was performed according to a participatory action research methodology. In the final study, an information system was designed using the QFD model developed and implemented for a public sector profession, occupational therapists.The main contribution of the thesis is the QFD model, called Medical Software Quality Deployment (MSQD), for the design of information systems and information-systems-sul)ported services in the public sector. The advantages of MSQD are that it focuses the design work on the users' needs and provides support for active participation of users. Further advantages are that the requirements are traceable and the design features are prioritized.As a support for the efforts being made in the public sector to increase efficiency, MSQD can be used to design appropriate information systems. The prototype implementation illustrated several optional ways of how this support can be implemented using low-cost technology. MSQD can further be used to develop services to better match the users' needs. Hence, it can be used for inter-organizational information systems design and, thereby, positive gains can be made in the collaboration between different public service organizations.
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| 7. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Integrating the rational unified process and participatory design for development of socio-technical systems : A user participative approach
- 2007
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In: Design Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-694X .- 1872-6909. ; 28:3, s. 263-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents the MOPT-Systems Development Process, aimed at bridging the gap between ideality and reality. The process is based on an approach to systems development involving a formalised process for developing socio-technical systems. In specific, it integrates a modified Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework with a socio-technical system view and an extended participatory design (PD) perspective using PD techniques and social research methods. It is argued that the integrated approach, by combining the RUP formalisation, modeling tools and coverage of the entire development process, together with the parallel development of methodology, organisation, and personnel, will greatly enhance the chance of solid systems, grounded in the organisation and appreciated by its users. In this respect, the close cooperation with the end-users throughout the development process is supposed to contribute.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Elektroniskt kunskapsstöd för arbetsterapeuter
- 1998
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I den allt snabbare förändringsprocess som sker inom samtliga yrkesområden i vården blir tillgången till adekvat information allt viktigare. Det finns således behov av att både få tillgång till och att till vårdsökande och kollegor kunna förmedla relevant och korrekt information. I denna rapport beskrivs arbetsgången och de erhållna resultat från projektet ”Elektroniskt kunskapsstöd för arbetsterapeuter”, vilket genomfördes under 1996 och våren 1997. Projektets syfte var att studera vilka problem arbetsterapeuter upplever i patientarbetet samt hur dessa skulle kunna avhjälpas, helt eller delvis, med hjälp av informationsteknologi. Projektet genomfördes i fyra delstudier. De två första delstudierna, en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ, syftade till att kartlägga de problem arbetsterapeuter upplever i sitt arbete. Den tredje delstudien syftade till att designa ett informationssystem, utifrån de identifierade problemen, för att stödja arbetsterapeuter. I den sista delstudien implementerades och utvärderades en prototyp, vilken byggde på designspesifikationen från delstudie tre.I den kvantitativa delstudien framkom problem inom områdenamöjligheten att förmedla och få information,samordna insatserna i patientarbetet,möjligheten att rådfråga kollegor eller hitta informationen i dokumenterade erfarenheter samttillgång till dokumentation så som lagtexter och nya rön.I den kvantitativa delstudien identifierades problem inom områdena;yrkesidentiteten,arbetet i vårdteamet,samverkan med andra arbetsterapeuter,möjligheten till kunskapsinhämtning ochpatientarbete.Prototypen implementerades i tre nivåer, Team/individ-nivå, Landstingsnivå och Nationell nivå. Varje nivå innehöll olika uppsättningar verktyg och informationskällor anpassade till nivåns syfte. Utvärderingen av prototypen gjordes enligt en Heuristic Walkthrough i två grupper, den ena bestående av arbetsterapeuter och den andra av experter på informationssystem. Arbetsterapeuterna såg möjligheten att komma i kontakt med andra arbetsterapeuter som har liknade intressen och möjlighet att få ett stöd för att bedriva projekt som främsta nyttan av systemet. Informationssystemsexperterna påpekade vikten av att lätt kunna orientera sig i systemet och att användningen måste vara effektiv. En fullt implementerad prototyp skulle kunna stödja arbetsterapeuternas patientarbete genom att underlätta de svårigheter de själva upplever.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ölvingson, Christina, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Adaptation of the critical incident technique to requirements engineering in public health
- 2001
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In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 84:2, s. 1180-1184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The introduction of modern information systems in public health provides new possibilities for improvements in public health services and hence also of population's health. However, development of information systems that truly supports public health practices requires that technical, cognitive, and social issues be taken into consideration. In requirements engineering for public health, a notable problem is that of capturing all aspects of the future user's voices, i.e., the viewpoints of different public health practitioners. Failing to capture these voices will result in inefficient or even useless systems. The aim of this paper is to report a requirements-engineering instrument to describe problems in the daily work of public health professionals. The issues of concern thus captured can be used as the basis for formulating the requirements of information systems for public health professionals.
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