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- Watanabe, A, et al.
(author)
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Gunnar Fant 60 years
- 1979
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In: TMH-QPSR. ; 20:2, s. 1-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Bergman, Peter N., et al.
(author)
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Do job demands and job control affect problem-solving?
- 2012
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In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 42:2, s. 195-203:42, s. 195-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The Job Demand Control model presents combinations of working conditions that may facilitate learning, the active learning hypothesis, or have detrimental effects on health, the strain hypothesis. To test the active learning hypothesis, this study analysed the effects of job demands and job control on general problem-solving strategies. Participants: A population-based sample of 4,636 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with the same job characteristics measured at two times with a three year time lag was used. Methods: Main effects of demands, skill discretion, task authority and control, and the combined effects of demands and control were analysed in logistic regressions, on four outcomes representing general problem-solving strategies. Results: Those reporting high on skill discretion, task authority and control, as well as those reporting high demand/high control and low demand/high control job characteristics were more likely to state using problem solving strategies. Conclusions: Results suggest that working conditions including high levels of control may affect how individuals cope with problems and that workplace characteristics may affect behaviour in the non-work domain.
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- Karlsson, HKR, et al.
(author)
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Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone treatment on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study
- 2005
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 54:5, s. 1459-1467
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of metformin or rosiglitazone monotherapy versus placebo on insulin signaling and gene expression in skeletal muscle of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was determined. A euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, combined with skeletal muscle biopsies and glucose uptake measurements over rested and exercised muscle, was performed before and after 26 weeks of metformin (n = 9), rosiglitazone (n = 10), or placebo (n = 11) treatment. Insulin-mediated whole-body and leg muscle glucose uptake was enhanced 36 and 32%, respectively, after rosiglitazone (P < 0.01) but not after metformin or placebo treatment. Insulin increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, IRS-1–associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity, and phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 and AS160, a newly described Akt substrate that plays a role in GLUT4 exocytosis, ∼2.3 fold before treatment. These insulin signaling parameters were unaltered after metformin, rosiglitazone, or placebo treatment. Expression of selected genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle was unchanged between the treatment groups. Low-intensity acute exercise increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake but was without effect on insulin signaling. In conclusion, the insulin-sensitizing effects of rosiglitazone are independent of enhanced signaling of IRS-1/PI 3-kinase/Akt/AS160 in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
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