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- Halvarsson, A, et al.
(author)
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Long-term effects of new progressive group balance training for elderly people with increased risk of falling - a randomized controlled trial
- 2013
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In: Clinical rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0873 .- 0269-2155. ; 27:5, s. 450-458
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the long-term effects of a progressive and specific balance group-based program in healthy elderly individuals with increased risk of falling. Design: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial at nine and 15 months on a population that has previously been described at three months. Setting: The study was conducted in Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects: 59 community-dwelling elderly (age 67–93 years), recruited by advertisement, were randomly allocated to training or to serve as controls. Intervention: Group balance training three times per week during 12 weeks with a 15 month follow-up time. Main measures: Participants were assessed at baseline, three, nine, and 15 months thereafter for gait function (preferred and fast walking), rapid step execution (single and dual task), fear of falling, and likelihood of depression. Results: Fast gait speed ( p = 0.004), dual task step execution ( p = 0.006) and fear of falling ( p = 0.001) were still improved in the training group at nine months follow-up. Only self-perceived fear of falling remained significantly improved ( p = 0.012) at 15 months follow-up. Although fast gait speed had decreased to baseline level in the training group (1.49 m/s) it remained significantly higher than in the control group (1.37 m/s) at the end of the study, a difference between the groups that was not seen at baseline. Conclusion: This training program provided important positive short and long-term benefits to gait, balance function, and fear of falling.
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| 2. |
- Halvarsson, A, et al.
(author)
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Effects of new, individually adjusted, progressive balance group training for elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall: a randomized controlled trial
- 2011
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In: Clinical rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0873 .- 0269-2155. ; 25:11, s. 1021-1031
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effects of a new, individually adjusted, progressive and specific balance group training programme on fear of falling, step execution, and gait in healthy elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: The study was conducted in Stockholm County, Sweden. Subjects: Fifty-nine community dwelling elderly people were recruited by advertisement, and allocated at random to an intervention group ( n = 38) or a control group ( n = 21). Intervention: Individually adjusted, progressive and specific balance group training was given three times a week for three months. The training incorporated elements included in, and required for, independent activities of daily living, and for reactions to loss of balance during dual or multiple tasks. Main measures: Fear of falling was assessed with Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). The reaction time of step execution was measured with the step-execution test, and gait was measured with GAITRite®. Results: After three months the intervention group showed significant positive changes in the FES-I ( P = 0.008), in the step-execution phase of dual-task performance ( P = 0.012), and in gait at preferred speed during single-task performance; in cadence ( P = 0.030) and, at fast speed, in velocity ( P = 0.004) and cadence ( P = 0.001). Significant decreases were also found for the likelihood of depression after participating in the training programme. Conclusion: This new balance training programme is feasible and leads to decreased fear of falling, decreased time for step execution during dual-task performance and increased velocity during fast walking.
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| 6. |
- Ericson, K, et al.
(author)
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Defective mismatch-repair in patients with multiple primary tumours including colorectal cancer
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - 1879-0852. ; 39:2, s. 8-240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individuals with an inherited predisposition to cancer development are at an increased risk of developing multiple tumours. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes and is estimated to account for approximately 2% of colorectal cancers. However, HNPCC individuals are at an increased risk of developing other tumour types such as cancers of the endometrium, urothelium and small intestine. We have utilised a population-based regional cancer registry to identify all patients with double primary colorectal cancers and at least one additional malignancy and characterised the tumour spectrum in this patient group. We subsequently selected those 47 individuals who had developed at least four malignancies, including two colorectal cancers, for studies of the tumour characteristics associated with HNPCC. In total, these individuals developed 209 tumours, 156 of which were successfully retrieved. Microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenomenon caused by defective mismatch-repair (MMR), was identified in 63/154 (41%) evaluable tumours with a MSI-high pattern in 59 and a MSI-low pattern in four tumours. All tumours were immunohistochemically stained for the MMR proteins MLH1 and MSH2, with loss of expression in 55/63 (87%) MSI tumours and in 2/89 (2%) microsatellite stable (MSS) tumours. This loss affected MLH1 in 24 tumours and MSH2 in 33 tumours. A concordant loss of expression for the same MMR protein in several tumours from the same individual, a pattern that strongly suggests an underlying germline MMR gene mutation, was found in 17/45 (38%) patients and affected MLH1 in 8 patients and MSH2 in 9 patients. We conclude that the development of multiple primary tumours, including synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancers, is associated with an increased frequency of MSI and loss of immunohistochemical expression of MLH1 and MSH2.
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| 7. |
- Esmaily, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(author)
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A new semi-solid casting technique for fabricating SiC-reinforced Mg alloys matrix composites
- 2016
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In: Composites Part B: Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-8368 .- 1879-1069. ; 94, s. 176-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The capability of the newly developed rheocasting (RC) technique in combination with the RheoMetal process for producing SiC particulate-reinforced AM50 and AZ91D matrix composites (Mg-based MMCs) was investigated. The quality of the MMCs was studied by analyzing the fraction of casting pores, number density of SiC clusters and the uniformity of SiC particles. Solid fraction, particle size and oxidation of SiC particles had strong impacts on the overall quality of the MMCs. The MMCs produced by 40% solid fraction and oxidized micron-sized SiC particles exhibited an excellent casting quality. A low-quality MMC was obtained when non-oxidized sub-micron sized SiC particles were employed. The results showed the formation of various types intermetallic particles and carbides such as MgO, Mg2Si, Al2MgC2, Mg2C3, Al4C3 as the interfacial reaction products of SiC/Mg alloy's melts. Mg hydride (alpha-MgH2) was also identified in inter-dendritic regions of the MMCs for the first time.
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| 8. |
- Esmaily, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Atmospheric Corrosion of Mg Alloy AZ91D Fabricated by aSemi-Solid Casting Technique: The Influence of Microstructure
- 2015
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 162:7, s. C311-C321
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The atmospheric corrosion behavior of alloy AZ91D produced by a semi-solid metal (SSM) technique and by conventional high pressure die casting (HPDC) was investigated for up to 1176 hours in the laboratory. Alloy AZ91D in the SSM state was fabricated using a rheocasting (RC) technique in which the slurry was prepared by the RheoMetal process. Exposures were performed in 95% RH air at 22 and 4 degrees C. The RC alloy AZ91D exhibited significantly better corrosion resistance than the HPDC material at two temperatures studied. The effect of casting technology on corrosion is explained in terms of the microstructural differences between the materials. For example, the larger number density of cathodic beta phase particles in the HPDC material initially causes relatively rapid corrosion compared to the RC material. During later stages of corrosion, the more network-like beta phase particles in the RC alloy act as a corrosion barrier, further improving the relative corrosion resistance of the RC material.
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| 9. |
- Esmaily, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Corrosion behaviour of friction stir-welded AA6005-T6 using a bobbin tool
- 2016
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In: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 111, s. 98-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The atmospheric corrosion of extruded AA6005-T6 weldments produced with bobbin friction stir welding (BFSW) using fast and slow process parameters has been analyzed. The weldments of the same material fabricated using conventional FSW were also exposed as reference. Copper-rich phase particles were detected at the grain boundaries in the stir zone of both specimens. It was evident that the BFSW specimens exhibit better corrosion behaviour than the specimens produced using the slow process parameters. An effort was made to carefully attribute the improved corrosion resistance of the fast BFSW specimens to the difference in the microstructure of the weldments. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Esmaily, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Rheocasting on Corrosion of AM50 Mg Alloy
- 2015
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 162:3, s. C85-C95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The corrosion behavior of magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) alloy AM50 produced by a rheocasting (RC) technique was examined in the presence and absence of CO2 at three temperatures -4, 4 and 22 degrees C. The slurry preparation in the RC material was performed with the newly developed RheoMetal process. For reference, 99.97% Mg was included in the corrosion exposures. The influence of the microstructure on the atmospheric corrosion of alloy AM50 produced by RC and high pressure die casting (HPDC) was investigated. The RC AM50 alloy showed better corrosion resistance than HPDC AM50 in all the exposure environments studied. For both materials, there was a strong positive correlation between temperature and the atmospheric corrosion rate. The superior atmospheric corrosion behavior of RC AM50 compared to HPDC AM50 is carefully discussed in relation to differences in the as-cast microstructure. This study demonstrates that producing the alloy AM50 by this type of RC technique opens the door to Mg-Al alloys as a promising candidate for various applications where corrosion resistance is of importance.
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