| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(author)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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In: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 7. |
- Morgenroth, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) adjust to low salinity with only subtle effects to cardiorespiratory and growth performance
- 2022
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In: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 556
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- At reduced salinities nearing isosmotic conditions, marine fishes experience reduced osmotic gradients between body fluids and the surrounding water, which should lower energetic costs of osmoregulation. Such energy savings on osmoregulation can potentially be directed to other processes such as growth, suggesting the possibility that rearing euryhaline fishes under reduced salinity in aquaculture may be a beneficial practice. The yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) is one such aquaculture species that appears to benefit from low salinity, as juveniles display faster growth when reared at salinities approaching isosmotic conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, due to reduced osmoregulatory costs, growth is improved in sub-adult kingfish reared at low salinity, and this is associated with a down-regulation of resting cardiorespiratory activity reflecting energetic savings. Furthermore, to gain a more complete picture of how low salinity impacts cardiorespiratory function in kingfish, we also assessed maximal cardiorespiratory responses to enforced exercise. Two experiments were carried out. The first assessed resting and maximum cardiac and respiratory performance of kingfish acclimated to seawater (35 ppt), and after ~20 h (acute) or > 4 weeks (chronic) exposure to brackish water (17 ppt). Acute 17 ppt exposure reduced standard metabolic rate (i.e. resting O2 consumption rate; 179.4 mg O2 center dot h- 1 center dot kg- 1) relative to fish maintained in seawater (198.3 mg O2 center dot h- 1 center dot kg- 1), but this difference was no longer apparent following chronic acclimation to 17 ppt (191.3 mg O2 center dot h- 1 center dot kg- 1). While maximum metabolic rate was not affected by salinity, kingfish both acutely transferred and acclimated to 17 ppt had a reduced excess post-exercise O2 consumption compared to fish in 35 ppt. Acclimation to 17 ppt was also associated with a reduced proportion of ventricle compact myocardium. In a second experiment, we analyzed growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of kingfish acclimated to seawater (35 ppt) or brackish water (24 and 12 ppt) for 8 weeks. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were slightly deteriorated (by ~5 and ~ 6% for growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, respectively) after 4 weeks acclimation to 12 ppt; however, these differences were no longer apparent after 8 weeks acclimation. This study shows neither substantial benefits nor costs of brackish water exposure to cardiorespiratory and growth performance in sub-adult kingfish, suggesting this species can be reared at salinities as low as 12 ppt.
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| 8. |
- Stokes, Francesca A., et al.
(author)
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Towards the Synthesis of Guanidinate- and Amidinate-Bridged Dimers of Mn and Ni
- 2014
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In: Australian journal of chemistry (Print). - 0004-9425 .- 1445-0038. ; 67:7, s. 1081-1087
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reactions of Cp2M (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn, Ni) with lithium amidinates and guanidinates are reported. The highly oxophilic nature of Mn leads to the isolation of the interstitial oxide Mn4O(MeN - CH - NMe)(6) (4) in preference to the intended paddle-wheel homodimer Mn-2(MeN - CH - NMe)(4) when employing the sterically uncongested amidinate [MeN - CH - NMe](-) ligand. In contrast, an analogous reaction using Cp2Ni yielded Ni-2(MeN - CH - NMe)(4) (5). The use of monoprotic guanidinate ligands also gave contrasting results for Mn and Ni. In the first case, the highly unusual spirocycle Mn{mu-NC(NMe2)(2)}(4)Li-2 center dot 3THF (6) was produced in low yield. For M = Ni, use of the [hpp](-) (1,3,4,6,7,8hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-alpha] pyrimidinate) ligand gives results comparable with the synthesis of 5, with Ni-2(hpp) 4 (7) isolated. In contrast to recent data obtained using Cp2Cr, the guanidinate ligands do not sequester coformed CpLi. Density functional theory analysis corroborates the view that the intermetal distance in each of the reported dinickel paddle-wheel complexes (2.4846(8) and 2.3753(5) angstrom in 5 and 7 respectively) is defined by the geometric parameters of the bidentate ligands and that intermetal bonding is not present.
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