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| 2. |
- Mosca, Alessandra, et al.
(author)
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NO2 and N2 sorption in MFI films with varying Si/Al and Na/Al ratios
- 2009
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In: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 120:3, s. 195-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- MFI crystals or films with controlled thicknesses and different Si/Al ratios were grown on seeded cordierite monoliths using a clear synthesis mixture with template or a template-free gel. The materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and sorption experiments using N 2 or NO 2 adsorbates. The films were uniformly distributed over the support surface. As expected, the specific monolayer N 2 adsorption capacity (mol/g zeolite ) was constant and independent of film thickness. The specific molar NO 2 adsorption capacity was significantly lower than the specific molar monolayer N 2 adsorption capacity, indicating that NO 2 is adsorbed at specific sites rather than evenly distributed in a monolayer. A number of NO 2 adsorption sites with varying strengths were observed by TPD experiments. At 30 °C, the amount of adsorbed NO 2 in the MFI films increased with increasing Al and Na content as opposed to the N 2 adsorption capacity, which was independent of these parameters. At 200 °C, the adsorbed amount of NO 2 was lower than at 30 °C and apparently independent on Al concentration in the Na-MFI films. These results indicate that different mechanisms are involved in NO 2 adsorption. NO 2 may adsorb weakly on Na + cations and also react with silanol groups and residual water in the zeolite, the latter two results in more strongly bound species. Upon NO 2 adsorption, formation of NO was observed. This work represents the first systematic study of the effects of Al and Na content on NO 2 adsorption in MFI films. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Mosca, Alessandra, et al.
(author)
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Optimization of synthesis procedures for structured PSA adsorbents
- 2008
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In: Adsorption. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-5607 .- 1572-8757. ; 14:4-5, s. 687-693
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Structured adsorbents in the form of supported thin zeolite films may represent a competitive alternative to traditional zeolite adsorbents in form of beads or pellets used in PSA processes, due to the reduction of mass- and heat-transfer limitations typical of packed beds. Thin NaX films were grown by hydrothermal treatment using a clear solution on cordierite monoliths. Films grown by a multiple synthesis procedure were dense and uniform with a very small amount of sediments adjacent to the film, which may be an advantage in PSA applications. The CO2 adsorption capacity and the pressure drop for the supported films were compared to those of a packed NaX bed. Although the adsorption capacity of the column filled with the structured adsorbents was 67 times lower than when the column was filled with zeolite beads, the pressure drop was 100 times lower for the structured adsorbent. The adsorption capacity can be increased by increasing the film thickness or the cell density of the monoliths without increasing the pressure drop significantly, indicating the potential advantage of structured adsorbents in PSA processes. Further investigations are needed in order to prove this hypothesis.
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| 5. |
- Mosca, Alessandra, et al.
(author)
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Optimizing synthesis conditions and support type for structured PSA adsorbents
- 2007
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Thin faujasite films were grown on porous and dense cordierite monoliths by hydrothermal treatment using a gel or a clear solution. A well defined FAU film with a thickness of about 1 μm could be grown on both supports using the gel. However, a relatively high weight gain after synthesis was recorded for the porous monoliths due to zeolite crystallization in the pores, which may be undesirable for PSA applications. The films grown in the clear solution consisted of both FAU and sodalite crystals and the thickness of the FAU film was about 0.5 μm. A 5 times lower weight gain was observed and much less zeolite grew in the pores of the support, which may be an advantage for PSA applications. The adsorption properties of the samples are currently under investigation.
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| 6. |
- Mosca, Alessandra, et al.
(author)
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Structured zeolite NaX coatings on ceramic cordierite monolith supports for PSA applications
- 2010
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In: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 130:1-3, s. 38-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Novel structured adsorbents in the form of thin zeolite films grown on substrates designed for low pressure drop have a great potential to improve pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes. In the present work, template free films of NaX zeolite were grown on the walls of ceramic cordierite supports using a seeding technique. The supports had 400 parallel channels per square inch. Films were grown both from a gel and a clear synthesis solution. The materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption measurements, Hg-porosimetry as well as CO2 breakthrough experiments. When a gel was used for film growth, a film consisting of well intergrown crystals with a thickness of about 1 μm was obtained. However, a large amount of sediments were deposited on top of the film, which resulted in a dispersed CO2 adsorption breakthrough front. Zeolite films grown in one longer hydrothermal treatment in a clear solution were less intergrown and consisted of both NaX and hydroxysodalite crystals and, in addition, some sediments were deposited on top of the film, which again resulted in a dispersed breakthrough front. By using a multiple-step synthesis procedure and a clear synthesis solution, well intergrown NaX films, free from sediments and with only a very small fraction of hydroxysodalite crystals could be prepared. The CO2 breakthrough front for the latter adsorbent was sharper than the front for an empty adsorption column and only shifted in time. This indicates that the flow distribution in the adsorbent is even and that the mass transfer resistance in the film is very low due to the small film thickness and high effective diffusivity for CO2 in the NaX film and still, the adsorption capacity is considerable. The even flow distribution, very low mass transfer resistance and low pressure drop in combination with considerable adsorption capacity in this adsorbent indicates that it is a promising adsorbent for PSA applications. The findings from the present work will be important for the development of structured adsorbents to use as a competitive alternative to traditionally used adsorbents in PSA.
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| 8. |
- Ramachandran, Mohanraj, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Tailoring vascular phenotype through AAV therapy promotes anti-tumor immunity in glioma
- 2023
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In: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1535-6108 .- 1878-3686. ; 41:6, s. 1134-1151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glioblastomas are aggressive brain tumors that are largely immunotherapy resistant. This is associated with immunosuppression and a dysfunctional tumor vasculature, which hinder T cell infiltration. LIGHT/TNFSF14 can induce high endothelial venules (HEVs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), suggesting that its therapeutic expression could promote T cell recruitment. Here, we use a brain endothelial cell-targeted ad-eno-associated viral (AAV) vector to express LIGHT in the glioma vasculature (AAV-LIGHT). We found that systemic AAV-LIGHT treatment induces tumor-associated HEVs and T cell-rich TLS, prolonging survival in aPD-1-resistant murine glioma. AAV-LIGHT treatment reduces T cell exhaustion and promotes TCF1+CD8+ stem-like T cells, which reside in TLS and intratumoral antigen-presenting niches. Tumor regres-sion upon AAV-LIGHT therapy correlates with tumor-specific cytotoxic/memory T cell responses. Our work reveals that altering vascular phenotype through vessel-targeted expression of LIGHT promotes efficient anti-tumor T cell responses and prolongs survival in glioma. These findings have broader implications for treatment of other immunotherapy-resistant cancers.
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| 9. |
- Rezaei, Fateme, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of traditional and structured adsorbents for CO2 separation by vacuum swing adsorption
- 2010
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In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 49:10, s. 4832-4841
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of structured adsorbents with attractive characteristics is an important step in the improvement of adsorption-based gas-separation processes. The improved features of structured adsorbents include lower energy consumption, higher throughput, and superior recovery and purity of product because of the even flow distribution, very low mass-transfer resistance, and low pressure drop in combination with a reasonable adsorption capacity. This study examines the vacuum-swing adsorption (VSA) CO2 separation performance of structured adsorbents in the form of thin NaX films grown on the walls of ceramic cordierite monoliths, and the results are compared with NaX pellets. Adsorption equilibrium and dynamic properties are explored experimentally. The CO2 breakthrough front for the NaX film grown on the 400 cells/in.2 (cpsi) monolith was close to ideal and indicated that axial dispersion was very small and that the mass-transfer resistance in the film was very low. The breakthrough front for the structured adsorbent with 400 cpsi was sharper than that for the structured adsorbent with 900 cpsi and only shifted to shorter breakthrough times because of the lower amount of zeolite and higher effective diffusivity of the former sample. In addition, the CO2 breakthrough fronts for the 400 and 900 cpsi structured adsorbents were both sharper than the breakthrough front for NaX beads. This indicates that the flow distribution in the structured adsorbents is more even and that the mass-transfer resistance in the film is very low because of the small film thickness and high effective diffusivity for CO2 in the NaX film. Experimental data were used to obtain overall mass-transfer linear-driving-force constants, which were subsequently used in a numerical simulation program to estimate the performance of the adsorbents for CO2/N2 separation in a VSA process. It was found that the recovery of structured adsorbents was superior to that of a packed bed because of the much shorter mass-transfer zone. The purity, on the other hand, was not as high as that obtained with a packed bed because of excessive voidage in the structured adsorbents. Increased cell density or improved zeolite loading of the structured adsorbents would improve the CO2 purity without sacrificing recovery for the structured adsorbents, and this represents a path forward to improved VSA performance for CO2 capture.
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| 10. |
- Rezaei, Fateme, et al.
(author)
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The effect of wall porosity and zeolite film thickness on the dynamic behavior of adsorbents in the form of coated monoliths
- 2011
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In: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1383-5866 .- 1873-3794. ; 81:2, s. 191-199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of wall porosity, channel width distribution and zeolite film thickness on the performance of 400 and 1200 cells per square inch (cpsi) cordierite monoliths coated with zeolite X films with thicknesses of 1.5 and 2.5 μm were examined. To investigate the effect of wall porosity and restrict growth of zeolite to the external surface of the monolith channels, the macro pores in the walls of the 1200 cpsi cordierite monoliths were filled with colloidal α-alumina particles. The adsorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and carbon dioxide breakthrough experiments and a mathematical model describing the diffusion and adsorption in the system was fitted to the data. The model accounted for carbon dioxide uptake by filling the pores in the support by carbon dioxide gas and adsorption of carbon dioxide on cordierite, alumina and zeolite. The model indicates that the uptake of carbon dioxide by adsorption on cordierite is much slower than by pore filling and too slow to influence the very fast breakthrough experiments with monoliths without zeolite film that are over in less than 1 minute. It was shown that the pores in the cordierite monolith result in dispersion by pore filling with carbon dioxide gas, not adsorption. The CO2 adsorption capacity of a 1200 cpsi monolith coated with a 2.5 μm film was 0.13 mmol/cm3 adsorbent, which should be compared to the adsorption capacity of zeolite X beads, which is about 2.3 mmol/cm3 adsorbent. To increase adsorption capacity of a non-porous zeolite coated monolith, film thickness could be increased. The model indicated that the film thickness could be increased up to about 10 μm without increasing the dispersion and thereby approach the adsorption capacity for beads. However, simulation of the whole cycle must be performed in order to find the optimum film thickness for a real cyclic process. This work has lead to better understanding of the role of the support porosity and pore size distribution and film thickness for coated monolith adsorbents.
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