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- Alin, David, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Reducing the EPEI-Time Using Discrete Event Simulation
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the 2009 Swedish Production Symposium. ; :2, s. 295-301
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the cornerstones in LEAN production is ‘make to order’, which requires small batch sizes and, thus, short Every Part Every Interval (EPEI) times. EPEI-time is defined as the time it takes to produce all product variants, before the first variant in the cycle returns in the schedule. However, many companies are reluctant to reduce their EPEI-times due to the increased number of set-ups. This skepticism is also supported by parts of existing theory, while other research contributions mean that companies often can reduce batch-sizes without affecting productivity. This paper presents a case study which uses discrete event simulation (DES) to evaluate the relation between EPEI-time and productivity. The results show that it is possible to reduce the EPEI-time and still maintain productivity and service levels to customers, without any investments. Increased variation in the production schedule evened out the load among the machines and, hence, the time lost in set-ups was gained in more parallel work.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Amnå, Erik, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Ungas organisering och politiska deltagande : En kunskapsöversikt
- 2022
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Medborgarnas frivilliga deltagande i politiken uppfattas som centralt för en levande demokrati. Baserat på fler än 300 färska studier visar den här rapporten att ungas politiska deltagande blivit allt svårare att definiera och avgränsa. Ett skäl är att ungdomar hela tiden utvecklar nya vägar för att försöka påverka, som reaktion på sociala, samhälleliga, teknologiska och politiska förändringar. Ett annat är att vissa handlingar motiveras av traditionella medborgarplikter, medan andra utformas mer utifrån en strävan efter ett individualiserat och uttrycksfullt självförverkligande.
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| 4. |
- Casselbrant, Anna, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Morphological Adaptation in the Jejunal Mucosa after Iso-Caloric High-Fat versus High-Carbohydrate Diets in Healthy Volunteers: Data from a Randomized Crossover Study
- 2022
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: The conditions for jejunal glucose absorption in healthy subjects have not been thoroughly studied. In this study we investigated differences in the jejunal villi enlargement factor, as well as ultrastructural aspects of the surface enterocytes and mitochondria, comparing 2 weeks of high-carbohydrate (HCD) versus high-fat diets (HFD). We also measured the ketogenesis rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2) in relation to jejunal mitochondria. Methods: A single-centre, randomized, unblinded crossover study in 15 healthy volunteers ingesting strictly controlled equicaloric diets (either HCD or HFD), with 60% energy from the respective source. An enteroscopy was carried out after 2 weeks of each diet and jejunal mucosal biopsies were acquired. Conventional histology, immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used. Results: The villi did not demonstrate any change in the epithelial enlargement factor. Despite an increased mitosis, there were no changes in apoptotic indices. However, the ultrastructural analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the enlargement factor at the bases of the villi. The mitochondria demonstrated increased amounts of cristae after the HFD. The confocal microscopy revealed increased HMGCS2 per mitochondrial marker at the top of the villi after the HFD compared to the HCD. Conclusion: There is a morphometric adaption in the jejunal mucosa following the 2-week diets, not only on a histological level, but rather on the ultrastructural level. This study supports the notion that mitochondrial HMGCS2 is regulated by the fat content of the diet and is involved in the expression of monosaccharide transporters.
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| 7. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(author)
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Sublethal Lead Exposure Alters Movement Behavior in Free-Ranging Golden Eagles
- 2017
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:10, s. 5729-5736
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lead poisoning of animals due to ingestion of fragments from lead-based ammunition in carcasses and offal of shot wildlife is acknowledged globally and raises great concerns about potential behavioral effects leading to increased mortality risks. Lead levels in blood were correlated with progress of the moose hunting season. Based on analyses of tracking data, we found that even sublethal lead concentrations in blood (25 ppb, wet weight), can likely negatively affect movement behavior (flight height and movement rate) of free ranging scavenging Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Lead levels in liver of recovered post-mortem analyzed eagles suggested that sublethal exposure increases the risk of mortality in eagles. Such adverse effects on animals are probably common worldwide and across species, where game hunting with lead-based ammunition is widespread. Our study highlights lead exposure as a considerably more serious threat to wildlife conservation than previously realized and suggests implementation of bans of lead ammunition for hunting.
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| 8. |
- Hall, Josefin, 1972, et al.
(author)
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The Initial Oxide Scale Development on a Model FeNiCrAl Alloy at 900 degrees C in Dry and Humid Atmosphere: A Detailed Investigation
- 2014
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In: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 82:3-4, s. 225-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The investigated alumina forming FeNiCrAl model alloy shows protective oxidation behavior in dry and humid environment at 900 A degrees C. Hence, this type of alloy may replace conventional chromia forming austenitic alloys in aggressive oxidizing/reducing environments. A detailed investigation of the oxide scale development reveals a complex initial scale development. Firstly, at alloy grain boundaries, a thin Al rich oxide forms which is replaced by transient alumina platelets in dry and equiaxed alpha-Al2O3 crystallites in humid atmosphere. The scale at alloy grain centers develops via a layered scale of external chromia:Fe/Ni metal inclusions:internal alumina to a layered external spinel:internal alumina scale in dry atmosphere. In humid condition an additional oxide feature appears on the center of large alloy grains i.e. thick oxide protrusions. Despite the initially different phase compositions a continuous protective alpha-Al2O3 scale forms both atmospheres.
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| 9. |
- Helander, Björn, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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Major lead exposure from hunting ammunition in eagles from Sweden
- 2021
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; , s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure to lead (Pb) from ammunition in scavenging and raptorial birds has achieved worldwide recognition based on incidences of lethal poisoning, but exposure implies also sublethal levels with potential harmful effects.Background and elevated Pb levels in liver from 116 golden eagles (GE, Aquila chrysaetos) and 200 white-tailed sea eagles (WTSE, Haliaeetus albicilla) from Sweden 2003–2011 are here examined, with supporting data from a previous WTSE report and eagle owl (EO, Bubu bubo) report. GE and WTSE display seasonal patterns, with no Pb level exceeding a generally accepted threshold for subclinical effects during summer but strongly elevated levels from October. Fledged juveniles show significantly lower levels than all other age classes, but reach levels found in older birds in autumn after the start of hunting seasons. Pb levels in EO (non-scavenger) show no seasonal changes and indicate no influence from ammunition, and are close to levels observed in juvenile eagles before October. In all, 15% WTSE and 7% GE were lethally poisoned. In areas with high-exposure to hunting ammunition, 24% of WTSE showed lethal Pb levels, compared to 7% in both eagle species from low-exposure areas. Lethal poisoning of WTSE remained as frequent after (15%) as before (13%) a partial ban on use of Pb-based shotgun ammunition over shallow waters (2002). Pb levels increased significantly in WTSE 1981–2011,in contrast to other biota from the same period. A significant decrease of Pb in WTSE liver occurred below a threshold at 0.25 μg/g (dry weight), exceeded by 81% of the birds. Trend patterns in Pb isotope ratios lend further support to this estimated cut-off level for environmental background concentrations. Pb from spent ammunition affects a range of scavenging and predatory species. A shift to Pb-free ammunition to save wildlife from unnecessary harm is an important environmental and ethical issue.
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| 10. |
- Helander, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Rapportering från projekt om undersökning av bly i leverprover från havsörn 2005 – 2011
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Undersökningen omfattar analys av bly och blyisotoper i leverprover från 199 havsörnar från 2005-2011 som påträffats i naturen och lämnats in till Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (NRM) och Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt (SVA) för undersökning och arkivering av prover.Fåglarna kommer från 18 län, flertalet från Östersjökusten, norra Norrland och Skåne. Materialet omfattar 48 % honor och 52 % hanar i åldrar från första levnadsår upp till 27 år.Samtliga 199 leverprover har analyserats vid ITM med avseende på totalbly och på blyisotoper (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb). Från 94 av dessa individer har prover av lever och njure analyserats tidigare vid SVA vilket medger jämförelser mellan analysdata som kontroll och ger en ökad säkerhet. En jämförelse mellan de leverprover från havsörnar som analyserats både vid SVA och vid ITM visar en god överensstämmelse. Från ett mindre antal örnindivider har dubbla prover från levern analyserats vid ITM för kvalitetssäkring och en bra överensstämmelse mellan proverna har konstateras (spridning 0,99 ± 1,1 %).I en tidigare undersökning av 118 havsörnar från 1981-2004 konstaterades att 22 % hade förhöjda halter av bly i lever och/eller njure (> 6 μg/g torrvikt) och 14 % hade letala halter > 20 μg/g). Den föreliggande studien visar att ingen signifikant minskning av andelen havsörnar med förhöjda halter kan påvisas (20 %), och att andelen fåglar med letala koncentrationer är oförändrad (14 %). Ytterligare tre individer med koncentrationer mellan 17 och 20 μg/g har diagnos blyförgiftning, med stöd av förändringar påvisade vid obduktion.Medianvärdena för samtliga individer i den tidigare respektive den nya studien var 0,60 resp. 0,86 och medelvärdena var 10,4 (sd 27,6) respektive 11,8 (sd 30,0).Fåglar med ammunitionsrester i mag-tarmkanalen (röntgen) hade signifikant högre koncentrationer jämfört med de som inte hade det (p< 0.008). Den genomsnittliga andelen akut blyförgiftade havsörnar var högre (20 %) inom de län som är artens kärnområde vid kusten [Stockholm, Uppsala, Södermanland, Östergötland, Kalmar] än genomsnittet för övriga län (7 %). Andelen individer med ammunitionsrester på röntgen som var eller misstänks kunna vara påskjutna var 8-10 %.Inget statistiskt säkerställt samband kunde konstateras mellan blyhalt och blyisotopkvoterna i leverproverna. En tendens till avvikelse finns dock i att de högbelastade individerna uppvisar en något lägre isotopsignatur. Majoriteten av leverproverna från örnarna visar dock en helt annan isotopsignatur än som finns från t ex monitoring-stationen Aspvreten, som återspeglar den sedan länge dominerande källan för blyförorening, från blytillsatser i bensin.Detta pekar på att den dominerande källan till bly i havsörnarna är en annan än den allmänna storskaliga blydepositionen över landet. Den troligaste källan är bly från de ammunitionsrester som de fått i sig via kontaminerade kadaver/byten.
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