| 1. |
- Burstrom, Bo, et al.
(author)
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The aftermath of COVID-19 : Mortality impact of the pandemic on older persons in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2020-2023
- 2024
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic hit Sweden harder than the other Nordic countries in the early phase, especially among older persons. We compared the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality especially among older persons during the period 2020-2022 in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway, using four different outcome measures.Methods: We compared publicly available information on reported cases and deaths in COVID-19 from the World Health Organization COVID-19 Dashboard, age-specific mortality rates, life expectancy at age 65 years and excess mortality from Nordic Statistics database and national statistics and health agencies in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway.Results: The pandemic peaked earlier in Sweden than in Denmark, Finland and Norway, where cases and deaths increased more during 2021 and 2022, also reflected in age-specific death rates among persons aged 70+ years. COVID-19 mortality was highest in Sweden, followed by Finland, Denmark and Norway. Life expectancy declined during 2020 in Sweden but more during 2021 and 2022 in Denmark, Finland and Norway. Excess mortality during 2020-2022 was nearly twice as high in Finland as in the other countries.Conclusions: COVID-19 mortality was higher in Sweden than in Denmark, Finland and Norway. Life expectancy declined during 2020 in Sweden, was partly regained in 2021 and 2022, while it declined during 2021 and 2022 in Denmark, Norway and Finland. However, excess mortality during 2020-2022 was similar in Sweden, Denmark and Norway and twice as high in Finland. Different mortality outcomes reflect the complexity of the mortality impact of COVID-19.
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| 2. |
- Geyer, Siegfried, et al.
(author)
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Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology : Empirical evidence against a common practice
- 2006
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In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 60, s. 804-810
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Study objective: Education, income, and occupational class are often used interchangeably in studies showing social inequalities in health. This procedure implies that all three characteristics measure the same underlying phenomena. This paper questions this practice. The study looked for any independent effects of education, income, and occupational class on four health outcomes: diabetes prevalence, myocardial infarction incidence and mortality, and finally all cause mortality in populations from Sweden and Germany.Design: Sweden: follow up of myocardial infarction mortality and all cause mortality in the entire population, based on census linkage to the Cause of Death Registry. Germany: follow up of myocardial infarction morbidity and all cause mortality in statutory health insurance data, plus analysis of prevalence data on diabetes. Multiple regression analyses were performed to calculate the effects of education, income, and occupational class before and after mutual adjustments.Setting and participants: Sweden (all residents aged 25-64) and Germany (Mettman district, Nordrhein-Westfalen, all insured persons aged 25-64).Main results: Correlations between education, income, and occupational class were low to moderate. Which of these yielded the strongest effects on health depended on type of health outcome in question. For diabetes, education was the strongest predictor and for all cause mortality it was income. Myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality showed a more mixed picture. In mutually adjusted analyses each social dimension had an independent effect on each health outcome in both countries.Conclusions: Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably as indicators of a hypothetical latent social dimension. Although correlated, they measure different phenomena and tap into different causal mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Gisselmann, Marit, et al.
(author)
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Kön, genus och skillnader i hälsa
- 2018. - 267
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In: Den orättvisa hälsan - om socioekonomiska skillnader i hälsa och livslängd. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113545 ; , s. 67-85
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Gisselmann, Marit, et al.
(author)
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Kön, genus och skillnader i hälsa
- 2012
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In: Den orättvisa hälsan. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147099757
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Gisselmann, Marit, et al.
(author)
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The contribution of maternal working conditions to socio-economic inequalities in birth outcome
- 2008
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In: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 66:6, s. 1297-1309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of this study were to examine the association between maternal working conditions and birth outcomes, and to determine the extent to which these contributed to class inequalities in six birth outcomes. We used an existing job exposure matrix developed from survey data collected in 1977 and 1979 to apply occupational-level information on working conditions to the national Swedish Registry, including approximately 280,000 mothers and 360,000 births during the period 1980–1985. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regressions. Low levels of job control, high levels of physical demands and job hazards were more common in manual compared to non-manual classes. The self-employed had intermediate levels of such exposures. Job exposures, particularly low levels of job control, were generally and significantly associated with higher risks for low birthweight, very low birthweight, small for gestational age, all preterm, very preterm and extremely preterm births, but not with mortality. Compared to middle non-manuals (the reference group), lower non-manual and manual classes had higher risks for all birth outcomes, and these risks were nearly all significant. The highest odds ratios were found for skilled and unskilled manual workers in the manufacturing sector, with ratios between 1.35 and 2.66 (all significant). Job control explained a considerable proportion of inequalities in all birth outcomes. Job hazards contributed particularly to very low birthweight and extremely preterm birth, and physical demands to low birthweight and all preterm births. In conclusion, class differences in maternal working conditions clearly contributed to class differences in low birthweight (explained fraction 14–38%), all preterm births (20–46%), very (14–46%) and extremely (12–100%) preterm births. For very low birthweight and small for gestational age, there was a similar contribution in the manufacturing sector only. For all birth outcomes, class differences could still be detected after working conditions were taken into consideration.
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| 8. |
- Jarl, Johan, et al.
(author)
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More detailed data does not always raise the costs: Experience from a Swedish cost of alcohol study
- 2007
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In: Conptemporary Drug Problems. - : SAGE Publications. - 0091-4509 .- 2163-1808. ; 34:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim is to investigate the effect of availability and level of detail of data on cost estimates of alcohol consumption. Using the recent Swedish cost of alcohol study as baseline, limitations on data are applied, forming two models. The costs of alcohol in Sweden are re-estimated in the two models and compared to the baseline, to establish the magnitude and direction of the bias resulting from limited data, and which results are the most sensitive to variations in data availability and level of detail. Almost all differences between the baseline and the two limited models stem from reduced availability and not the level of detail of data. However, the level of detail plays an important role for the prevalence of consumption and the alcohol-attributable fractions (AAFs) for injuries. The conclusion is that it is more important to estimate more cost components than to improve existing estimates, as differences between cost estimates are mainly driven by the availability rather than the level of detail of data. However, the level of detail in the prevalence rates of consumption and in the AAFs for injuries is likely to considerably affect the cost estimates and obtaining the best possible data in these areas should therefore be prioritised
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