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- Hansen, Annie, et al.
(author)
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Factors relevant to a return to work : a multivariate approach
- 2006
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 26:2, s. 179-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper contributes to the understanding of the factors that are significant for returning to work, and identifies factors that might be used early on in a period of sick leave to discern whether people are likely to work again. In the design, the multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) of Latent Structures method was used to analyse information from a questionnaire containing socio-demographic items, and information on symptoms, consequences on daily life, expectations and psychosocial factors. Data about the incidence of sickness over a four-year period was included. 121 adults aged 18-64 years on sick leave participated, irrespective of their diagnoses. A reliable prediction of a return to work required the combination of many factors: individual psychosocial instruments are not useful when considered in isolation. The strongest predictive factors for a return to work concern the individuals' expectations, the number of days of sick leave taken in the past, somatic disorders, and a high level of life satisfaction and sense of coherence. Many factors influence the outcome for people on sick leave: PLS analysis demonstrated that a multivariate approach using this method could predict the long-term outcome early on in a period of sick leave.
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- Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Distress after a single violent crime : how shame-proneness and event-related shame work together as risk factors for post-victimization symptoms
- 2011
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In: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 109:1, s. 3-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To increase understanding of post-victimization symptom development, the present study investigated the role of shame- and guilt-proneness and event-related shame and guilt as potential risk factors. 35 individuals (M age = 31.7 yr.; 48.5% women), recently victimized by a single event of severe violent crime, were assessed regarding shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, and post-victimization symptoms. The mediating role of event-related shame was investigated with structural equation modeling (SEM), using bootstrapping. The guilt measures were unrelated to each other and to post-victimization symptoms. The shame measures were highly intercorrelated and were both positively correlated to more severe post-victimization symptom levels. Event-related shame as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms was demonstrated by prevalent significant indirect effects. Both shame measures are potent risk factors for distress after victimization, whereby part of the effect of shame-proneness on post-victimization symptoms is explained by event-related shame.
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- Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Post-traumatic distress after a single violent crime : Interaction between shame-proneness and event-related shame and symptoms
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8198 .- 2000-8066. ; 2:Suppl. 1, s. 117-117
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study investigated the relationships between shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, andpost-victimization symptoms among 35 victims (17 females and 18 males; mean age 31.7 years) of a single severe violent crime. Shame- and guilt-proneness (Test of Self-Conscious Affect) and event-related shame and guilt (Visual Analog Scale) were related to post-victimization symptoms (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and SymptomChecklist-90). Correlations showed that shame-proneness and event-related shame were highly inter-correlated andthat, in addition, each uniquely contributed to higher symptom levels. The guilt measures were unrelated to eachother as well as to symptoms. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed significant indirect effects supporting the role of event-related shame as mediator between shame proneness and post-victimization symptoms. In conclusion, requiring attention in clinical settings, both shame proneness and event-related shame seem to bepotent risk factors for distress after victimization.A review of the literature on the subject along with results from cross-sectional research will be presented to illustrate the relationships between self-conscious emotions and mental health in crime victims.
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- Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Shame and Shame-Proneness in Relation to PTSD and Post-Victimization Reactions
- 2012
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In: Beyond Boundaries: Innovations to Expand Services andTailor Traumatic Stress Treatments.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focusing mainly on the effects of fear and helplessness in PTSD, shame has been described as being anunderestimated possible factor for post trauma reactions. Shame and shame proneness have independently been shown to predict maladjustment after traumatizing events like criminal victimization, while guilt typically is described as unrelated to symptomatology. In a cross-sectional study, victims of interpersonal violence were investigated. Measures of shame and guilt proneness as well as self-rated experienced shame and guilt in association with the crime were related to symptomatology (PTSD-specific as well as general psychiatric symptoms). The shame measures were independently related to symptomatology but also to each other, while the guilt measures were unrelated to symptomatology and to each other. Further, event-related shame appeared as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms. A better understanding of the relationship between event-related emotions like shame and guilt and the propensity to react with shame or guiltmay have important clinical implications. Some suggestions as to how we move on from here will bepresented.
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- Strömsten, Lotta MJ, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of self-conscious emotions : a Swedish psychometric and structure evaluation of the test of self-conscious affect (TOSCA)
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 50:1, s. 71-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) is a well-established scenario-based questionnaire assessing self-conscious emotions, such as shame and guilt, which have been shown to be differentially associated with a variety of functional, motivational, behavioral and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and internal structure of a Swedish version of TOSCA in a sample of 361 healthy adults. The psychometric properties and internal consistency of the Swedish version were at level with the original US TOSCA version for shame, guilt and detachment. The internal structure of the Swedish version was acceptable for shame, guilt and detachment but contained shortcomings in assessment of externalization.
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