| 1. |
- Henriksson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Endoglucanase 28 (Cel12A), a new Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellulase.
- 1999
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In: European Journal of Biochemistry. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 259:1-2, s. 88-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A 28-kDa endoglucanase was isolated from the culture filtrate of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain K3 and named EG 28. It degrades carboxymethylated cellulose and amorphous cellulose, and to a lesser degree xylan and mannan but not microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel). EG 28 is unusual among cellulases from aerobic fungi, in that it appears to lack a cellulose-binding domain and does not bind to crystalline cellulose. The enzyme is efficient at releasing short fibres from filter paper and mechanical pulp, and acts synergistically with cellobiohydrolases. Its mode of degrading filter paper appears to be different to that of endoglucanase I from Trichoderma reesei. Furthermore, EG 28 releases colour from stained cellulose beads faster than any other enzyme tested. Peptide mapping suggests that it is not a fragment of another known endoglucanases from P. chrysosporium and peptide sequences indicate that it belongs to family 12 of the glycosyl hydrolases. EG 28 is glycosylated. The biological function of the enzyme is discussed, and it is hypothesized that it is homologous to EG III in Trichoderma reesei and the role of the enzyme is to make the cellulose in wood more accessible to other cellulases.
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| 2. |
- Lawoko, M., et al.
(author)
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Hemicellulase activity of aerobic fungal cellulases
- 2000
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In: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 54:5, s. 497-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulases isolated from Trichoderma reesei and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were screened for hemi-cellulolytic, pectinolytic and cellulolytic activity using locust bean mannan, birchwood xylan, citrus fruit pectin and carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) as substrates. The purpose of this work was to choose appropriate enzymes to include in a miniature cellulase system with minimal hemicellulase activity for the preparation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The endoglucanases showed CMC activity whereas activity towards the substrate was not detected for the CBHs. Xylanase activity was observed for EG I and EG 38 whereas mannanase activity was observed for EG 44. None of the enzymes degraded pectin. The results suggest that CBH I, CBH II, CBH 58, EG II and EG III are good candidates for the effective preparation of LCCs. The possible biological function for the hemicellulolytic activity of cellulases is discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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MNS16A minisatellite genotypes in relation to risk of glioma and meningioma and to glioblastoma outcome.
- 2009
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In: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0215 .- 0020-7136. ; 125:4, s. 968-972
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is upregulated in a majority of malignant tumours. A variable tandem repeat, MNS16A, has been reported to be of functional significance for hTERT expression. Published data on the clinical relevance of MNS16A variants in brain tumours have been contradictory. The present population-based study in the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom evaluated brain-tumour risk and survival in relation to MNS16A minisatellite variants in 648 glioma cases, 473 meningioma cases and 1,359 age, sex and geographically matched controls. By PCR-based genotyping all study subjects with fragments of 240 or 271 bp were judged as having short (S) alleles and subjects with 299 or 331 bp fragments as having long (L) alleles. Relative risk of glioma or meningioma was estimated with logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and country. Overall survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and equality of survival distributions using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard ratios. The MNS16A genotype was not associated with risk of occurrence of glioma, glioblastoma (GBM) or meningioma. For GBM there were median survivals of 15.3, 11.0 and 10.7 months for the LL, LS and SS genotypes, respectively; the hazard ratio for having the LS genotype compared with the LL was significantly increased HR 2.44 (1.56-3.82) and having the SS genotype versus the LL was nonsignificantly increased HR 1.46 (0.81-2.61). When comparing the LL versus having one of the potentially functional variants LS and SS, the HR was 2.10 (1.41-3.1). However, functionality was not supported as there was no trend towards increasing HR with number of S alleles. Collected data from our and previous studies regarding both risk and survival for the MNS16A genotypes are contradictory and warrant further investigations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Areskogh, Dimitri, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of the Molecular Weight Increase of Commercial Lignosulfonates by Laccase Catalysis
- 2010
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In: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 11:4, s. 904-910
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignosulfonates are by-products from the sulfite pulping process. During this process, lignin is liberated from pulp fibers through sulfonation and washed away. As a consequence, the lignosulfonate molecules contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Lignosulfonates are low-value products with limited performance and are used as such as binders, surfactants, and plasticizers in concrete. Lignosulfonates face strong competition from synthetic petroleum-based plasticizers with superior quality. Therefore, increasing the performance of lignosulfonates is desirable not only from a sustainability point of view but also to expand their usage. One important aspect that describes how well lignosulfonates can act as plasticizers is the molecular weight. In this paper, the molecular weight of four commercial lignosulfonates is increased through oxidation by two laccases without utilization of mediators. Different parameters to obtain maximal molecular weight increase were identified and the technical significance of the experiments is discussed.
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| 7. |
- Areskogh, Dimitri, et al.
(author)
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Oxidative polymerisation of models for phenolic lignin end-groups by laccase
- 2010
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In: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 64:1, s. 21-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The redox enzyme laccase can lead to cross-linking of lignin molecules by oxidising phenolic end groups to resonance-stabilised radicals that can undergo radical coupling to form covalent bonds. This property has potential for many technical applications. However, laccase treatment can also lead to degradation. Experiments were performed with two laccases of different oxidation potential and pH and temperature optima. The predominant reaction following laccase oxidation is the formation of 5-5' and 4-O-5' bonds. If the 5-position is blocked, other reactions occur, including coupling of the 1-position and oxidation of the a-position, which aggravates cross-linking of different lignin molecules. The product profile generated by the two laccases is somewhat different, mainly because of the different pH rather than differences in enzyme activity. Reaction mechanisms and the technical and biological significance of the results are discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Areskogh, Dimitri, et al.
(author)
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Structural modification of commercial lignosulphonates through laccase catalysis and ozonolysis
- 2010
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In: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 32:3, s. 458-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignosulphonates are by-products from the sulphite pulping process, in which lignin is separated from cellulose by the addition of sulphonic acid groups to the alpha-position of lignin, thereby increasing the solubility of lignin in water. The predominant industrial utilisations of lignosulphonates are as dispersants, plasticisers and water-reducing agents in concrete preparation. The ability of lignosulphonates to function as a good plasticisers and water reducers is intimately linked with the purity of the lignosulphonate, its molecular weight and the number of charged groups present in the macromolecule. Currently, lignosulphonates are outrivaled by synthetic plasticisers termed superplasticisers due to their superior properties when used as additives to high-strength concrete. If lignosulphonates are to successfully compete with these superplasticisers, significant modifications are required. This paper describes a two-stage treatment of lignosulphonates in which the molecular weight is increased through laccase oxidation and carboxylic groups are introduced through ozonolysis. The technical significance of the results is also discussed.
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