| 1. |
- Hjalmarsson, Erik, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Efficiency in housing markets: Do home buyers know how to discount?
- 2006
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We test for efficiency in the market for Swedish co-ops by examining the negative relationship between the sales price and the present value of future rents. If the co-op housing market is efficient, the present value of co-op rental payments due to underlying debt obligations of the cooperative should be fully reflected in the sales price. However, we find that, on average, a one hundred kronor increase in the present value of future rents only leads to a 45 to 65 kronor reduction in the sales price; co-ops with higher rents are thus relatively overpriced compared to those with lower rents. Our analysis indicates that pricing tends to be more efficient in areas with higher educated and wealthier buyers. By relying on cross-sectional relationships in the data, our results are less sensitive to transaction costs and other frictions than time-series tests of housing market efficiency.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hjalmarsson, Erik, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Efficiency in housing markets: Which home buyers know how to discount?
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Banking and Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4266. ; 33:11, s. 2150-2163
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We test for efficiency in the Swedish co-op market by examining the negative relationship between the sales price and the present value of future monthly payments or 'rents'. If the co-op housing market is efficient, the present value of co-op rental payments due to underlying debt obligations of the cooperative should be fully reflected in the sales price. However, a one hundred kronor increase in the present value of future rents only leads to an approximately 75 kronor reduction in the sales price. These inefficiencies are larger at the lower end of the housing market and in poorer, less educated regions and appear to reflect both liquidity constraints and the existence of more 'sophisticated' buyers in higher educated areas. Overall, our findings suggest that there is some systematic failure to properly discount the future stream of rent payments relative to the up front sales price.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anwar, Shamena, et al.
(author)
-
A Jury of Her Peers: The Impact of the First Female Jurors on Criminal Convictions
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper uses an original data set of more than 3000 cases from 1918 to 1926 in the Central Criminal Courts of London to study the effect of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act of 1919. Implemented in 1921, this Act made females eligible to serve on English juries, providing a novel setting for studying the impact of female representation on jury verdicts. Results based on a pre-post research design imply that the inclusion of females had little effect on overall conviction rates but resulted in a large and significant increase in convictions for sex offenses and on the conviction rate differential between violent crime cases with female versus male victims. The inclusion of women also increased the likelihood of juries being discharged without reaching a verdict on all charges and the average time taken to reach a verdict. A complementary analysis of cases in which the jury was carried over from a previous trial also implies that the inclusion of female jurors on the seated jury sharply increased conviction rates for violent crimes against women versus men.
|
|
| 4. |
- Anwar, Shamena, et al.
(author)
-
A Jury of Her Peers: The Impact of the First Female Jurors on Criminal Convictions
- 2019
-
In: Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0013-0133 .- 1468-0297. ; 129:618, s. 603-650
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2017 Royal Economic Society (Registered Charity No. 231508). This article uses an original data set of more than 3,000 cases from 1918 to 1926 in the Central Criminal Courts of London to study the effect of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act of 1919. Implemented in 1921, this Act made women eligible to serve on English juries. Results based on a pre-post research design imply that the inclusion of women had little effect on overall conviction rates but significantly impacted conviction rates on particularly female salient cases: sex offences, violent offences with female versus male victims and female defendants charged with 'other' (largely abortion related) offences.
|
|
| 5. |
- Anwar, Shamena, et al.
(author)
-
Politics in the Courtroom: Political Ideology and Jury Decision Making
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper uses data from the Gothenburg District Court in Sweden and a research design that exploits the random assignment of politically appointed jurors (termed nämndemän) to make three contributions to the literature on jury decision-making: (i) an assessment of whether systematic biases exist in the Swedish nämndemän system, (ii) causal evidence on the impact of juror political party on verdicts, and (iii) an empirical examination of the role of peer effects in jury decision-making. The results reveal a number of systematic biases: convictions for young defendants and those with distinctly Arabic sounding names increase substantially when they are randomly assigned jurors from the far-right (nationalist) Swedish Democrat party, while convictions in cases with a female victim increase markedly when they are assigned jurors from the far-left (feminist) Vänster party. The results also indicate the presence of peer effects, with jurors from both the far-left and far-right parties drawing the votes of their more centrist peers towards their positions. Peer effects take the form of both sway effects, where jurors influence the opinions of their closest peers in a way that can impact trial outcomes, and dissent aversion, where jurors switch non-pivotal votes so that the decision is unanimous.
|
|
| 6. |
- Anwar, Shamena, et al.
(author)
-
Politics in the Courtroom: Political Ideology and Jury Decision Making
- 2019
-
In: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 17:3, s. 834-875
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses data from the Gothenburg District Court in Sweden and a research design that exploits the random assignment of politically appointed jurors (termed nämndemän) to make three contributions to the literature on jury decision-making: (i) an assessment of whether systematic biases exist in the Swedish nämndemän system, (ii) causal evidence on the impact of juror political party on verdicts, and (iii) an empirical examination of the role of peer effects in jury decision-making. The results reveal a number of systematic biases: convictions for young defendants and those with distinctly Arabic names increase substantially when they are randomly assigned jurors from the far-right (nationalist) Swedish Democrat party, whereas convictions in cases with a female victim increase markedly when they are assigned jurors from the far-left (feminist) Vänster party. An analysis of peer effects implies that jurors from the far-left and far-right parties influence the votes of nämndemän from centrist parties in a way that is consistent with their respective party platforms. This analysis also suggests that at least some of these peer effects result in genuine changes of opinions (affecting trial outcomes), rather than vote changes motivated solely to reach unanimous decisions.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Anwar, Shamena, et al.
(author)
-
Unequal Jury Representation and Its Consequences
- 2021
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We analyze the extent and consequences of unequal representation on juries in Harris County, Texas. We first document that residents from predominantly white and high-income neighborhoods are substantially over-represented on juries. Using quasi-random variation in those called for jury duty each day, we next establish that Black defendants are more likely to be convicted and receive longer sentences from juries with more residents from these over-represented neighborhoods. We estimate that equal representation would reduce Black defendants’ median sentence length by 50 percent and the probability of receiving a life sentence by 67 percent. Straightforward remedies could mitigate this severe bias.
|
|
| 9. |
- Anwar, S., et al.
(author)
-
Unequal Jury Representation and Its Consequences
- 2022
-
In: American Economic Review-Insights. - : American Economic Association. - 2640-205X .- 2640-2068. ; 4:2, s. 159-174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyze the extent and consequences of unequal representation on juries in Harris County, Texas. We first document that residents from predominantly White and high-income neighborhoods are substantially overrepresented on juries. Using quasirandom variation in those called for jury duty each day, we next establish that Black defendants are more likely to be convicted and receive longer sentences from juries with more residents from these overrepresented neighborhoods. We estimate that equal representation would reduce Black defendants' median sentence length by 50 percent and the probability of receiving a life sentence by 67 percent. Straightforward remedies could mitigate these legally unwarranted racial disparities.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Costs of Victimization.
- 2020
-
In: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Zimmermann K. (eds).. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319573656
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter surveys existing research about the causes and consequences of criminal victimization. It emphasizes the empirical challenges faced by researchers in studying such questions and highlights studies that put forth research designs that can credibly disentangle correlation from causation. This chapter is organized into three sections. First, it reviews the correlates and/or causes of victimization, and highlights the role of alcohol, exposure, and precautionary behavior. The second part discusses the impact of direct exposure to victimization on individual outcomes, including physical health, mental health and well-being, labor market outcomes, changes in behavior, and the victim-offender overlap. Finally, the third part highlights the consequences of indirect exposure to crime (i.e., not being a victim oneself) in the neighborhood and family. An overarching theme is that this is a young literature that has recently gained momentum in overcoming the limited availability of data capable of answering these important questions.
|
|
