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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 4. |
- Sundler, Annelie Johansson, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Attributes of person-centred communication : A qualitative exploration of communication with older persons in home health care
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous research points to challenges related to the home healthcare of older persons and to the complexity of communication. Although person-centred care has been advocated widely, there remains a need for in-depth knowledge on how to enable person-centred and supportive communication in the care of older persons. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore attributes of person-centred communication between nurses and older persons being cared for in their home. Methods: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach was conducted. A data set from the COMHOME-study consisting of 77 audio-recorded home healthcare visits between registered nurses and older persons was analysed with a method for qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The findings indicate that the attributes of person-centred communication comprise recognising, inviting and involving older persons. To facilitate this form of communication, attentiveness and responsiveness on the part of RNs seemed significant. Person-centred communication was facilitated when the RNs used verbal expressions to emphasise and acknowledge the older persons’ views and were attentive to their emotions and expressions. Conclusion: The nurses’ attentiveness and responsiveness seems important for person-centred communication with older persons. Communication skills are needed to recognise, invite and involve older persons in their care and to support their health and well-being. Implication for practice The importance of communication which facilitate a person-centred approach by nurses should be acknowledged when caring for older persons and included in education and training.
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| 7. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(author)
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Antioxidant consumption in squalane and polyethylene exposed to chlorinated aqueous media
- 2012
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In: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 97:11, s. 2370-2377
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Squalane stabilized with 0.2 wt.% of Irganox 1010 and a medium-density polyethylene containing 0.1 wt.% of the same antioxidant were exposed to two different aqueous media (water solutions containing either 10 ppm Cl-2 or 10 ppm ClO2, both buffered to pH = 6.8) at different temperatures between 30 and 70 degrees C. The squalane phase was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (oxidation induction time, OIT) and infrared spectroscopy, and the aqueous media were analysed after concentrating the analytes using liquid-liquid extraction by liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. OIT measurements were carried out on the polyethylene samples after exposure to the chlorinated aqueous media. Exposure of the squalane systems to water containing ClO2 resulted in discolouration by the formation of quinoid structures and a faster depletion of the antioxidant than exposure to water containing Cl-2. The activation energy for the loss of antioxidant activity on exposure to ClO2-water was very low (<10 kJ mol(-1)) in the squalane test (no diffusion control) and 21 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) at a depth of 1-2 mm from the surface of polyethylene plaques (diffusion control). Calculation from earlier published OIT data from a HDPE exposed to Cl-2-water yielded an activation energy for the loss antioxidant activity of 68 kJ mol(-1). The antioxidant degradation products obtained from the exposure to the ClO2 aqueous medium were found at a higher concentration, were more polar and exhibited a higher proportion of low molar mass species than those obtained after exposure to the Cl-2 aqueous medium. The important chemical difference between ClO2 and Cl-2 is that the former is a one-electron oxidant whereas the latter preferentially reacts by hydrogen substitution. Possible further reactions, in agreement with the observations made, are proposed.
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| 8. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(author)
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Assessing the Long-term Performance of Polyethylene Stabilised WithPhenolic Antioxidants Exposed to Water Containing Chlorine Dioxide
- 2013
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In: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 32:2, s. 359-365
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The addition of chlorine dioxide disinfectant to tap water prevents the spread of infection but has a serious drawback in that it degrades materials used in piping, including pipes made of polyethylene. Efficient methods are required to assess the long-term performance of different combinations of antioxidants and polyethylene grades. We have previously presented a screening method which exposes solutions of phenolic antioxidants in squalane (a liquid, low molar mass analogue of polyethylene) to 70 °C water containing either chlorine dioxide or chlorine. This method assesses the stability of the antioxidants towards these aqueous chlorinated media by determining the oxidation induction time through differential scanning calorimetry. The same experimental set-up with two modifications was used in developing a new method. A 0.3 mm thick polyethylene tape replaced the squalane phase and the supply of fresh water containing chlorine dioxide (10 ppm at pH = 6.8) was continuous; this required minimum attention from the operator over the longer exposure time periods used. Tapes of medium-density polyethylene containing 0.1 wt.% of six different phenolic antioxidants were studied. A linear relationship was established between the times to reach antioxidant depletion in the polyethylene tape samples and the times in the squalane samples (with the same antioxidants at the same concentration). A linear relationship was also found between the initial antioxidant consumption rates in polyethylene and squalane. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of drawn samples revealed the onset of surface oxidation and surface embrittlement in tape samples exposed beyond the time for antioxidant depletion.
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| 9. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(author)
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Chlorine dioxide resistance of different phenolic antioxidants in polyethylene
- 2015
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In: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 111, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of polyethylene tape samples containing 8 different phenolic antioxidants (concentration = 0.1 +/- 0.01 wt.%) were exposed to water containing 10 ppm chlorine dioxide buffered to pH = 6.8 at 70 degrees C for different periods of time. The degradation rate and depletion time of the antioxidants in the polyethylene were obtained by oxidation induction time measurements using DSC. The majority of the tape samples (6 out of 8) showed a simple behaviour: the rate of antioxidant loss decreased and the antioxidant depletion time increased in linear fashion with increasing initial molar concentration of phenolic groups in the polymer. The tape that contained Hostanox O3 had a high initial phenolic concentration but it exhibited a short antioxidant depletion time due to the limited solubility of this antioxidant in polyethylene. Tapes containing Irganox 1330 and Cyanox 1790 showed antioxidant depletion times that were almost twice that of the other antioxidants with the same initial molar concentration of phenolic groups.
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