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- Bigert, Carolina, et al.
(author)
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Myocardial infarction among professional drivers.
- 2003
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In: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 14:3, s. 333-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Professional drivers are at an increased risk of myocardial infarction but the underlying causes for this increased risk are uncertain. METHODS: We identified all first events of myocardial infarction among men age 45-70 years in Stockholm County for 1992 and 1993. We selected controls randomly from the population. Response rates of 72% and 71% resulted in 1067 cases and 1482 controls, respectively. We obtained exposure information from questionnaires. We calculated odds ratios (ORs), with and without adjustment for socioeconomic status, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity at leisure time, overweight status, diabetes and hypertension. RESULTS: The crude OR among bus drivers was 2.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.34-3.41), among taxi drivers 1.88 (1.19-2.98) and among truck drivers 1.66 (1.22-2.26). Adjustment for potential confounders gave lower ORs: 1.49 (0.90-2.45), 1.34 (0.82-2.19) and 1.10 (0.79-1.53), respectively. Additional adjustment for job strain lowered the ORs only slightly. An exposure-response pattern (by duration of work) was found for bus and taxi drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The high risk among bus and taxi drivers was partly explained by unfavorable life-style factors and social factors. The work environment may contribute to their increased risk. Among truck drivers, individual risk factors seemed to explain most of the elevated risk.
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- Carstensen, U, et al.
(author)
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Influence of genetic polymorphisms of biotransformation enzymes on gene mutations, strand breaks of deoxyribonucleic acid, and micronuclei in mononuclear blood cells and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in potroom workers exposed to polyaromatic hydrocarbons
- 1999
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 25:4, s. 351-360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Airborne exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the potroom of an aluminum reduction plant was studied in relation to genotoxic or mutagenic effects, and the possibility of host genotypes of different metabolizing enzymes modifying associations between PAH exposure and genotoxic or mutagenic response was assessed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight male potroom workers and 55 male unexposed blue-collar workers constituted the study population. Micronuclei in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) single-strand breaks, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation frequency, and genotype for cytochrome P-4501A1, glutathione transferases M1, T1 and P1, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase were analyzed using peripheral mononuclear cells. Urine samples were collected for the analysis of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. RESULTS: Micronuclei in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, DNA single-strand breaks, HPRT mutation frequency, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in urine did not differ between the potroom workers and the unexposed referents. With the exception of an observed exposure-response relationship for potroom workers with Tyr/Tyr genotype for microsomal epoxide hydrolase, between airborne PAH and CD8+ micronuclei, no correlations were found between any of the genotoxicity biomarkers and any of the exposure measures (airborne particulate PAH, airborne gas phase PAH, length of employment in the potroom, 1-hydroxypyrene in urine, or PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral lymphocytes), also when genotypes for biotransforamtion enzymes were considered. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the employed biomarkers of mutagenic or genotoxic effects are not appropriate for surveillance studies of potroom workers exposed to current airborne levels of PAH. The significance of the correlation between airborne PAH and CD8+ micronuclei in Tyr/Tyr genotype subjects should be evaluated.
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- Ekmanfrisk, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Den sjungande trappuppgången : Essä
- 2015. - 1
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In: Kultur & Folkhälsa. - 9789187724046 ; 1, s. 185-191
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Den sjungande trappuppgången är en TV-serie i sex avsnitt på SVT med start 6 februari 2012. Med inspiration från engelsk förlaga handlar serien om experimentet, att samla en större grupp människor med olika ålder och bakgrund, boende i samma förortsstadsdel utan större kontakt med sina grannar, och tillsammans bilda en sångkör med målet att uppträda vid offentliga konserter.
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| 8. |
- Gunn, Virginia, et al.
(author)
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Initiatives Addressing Precarious Employment and Its Effects on Workers' Health and Well-Being : A Systematic Review
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:4
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of precarious employment has increased in recent decades and aspects such as employment insecurity and income inadequacy have intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify, appraise, and synthesise existing evidence pertaining to implemented initiatives addressing precarious employment that have evaluated and reported health and well-being outcomes. We used the PRISMA framework to guide this review and identified 11 relevant initiatives through searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and three sources of grey literature. We found very few evaluated interventions addressing precarious employment and its impact on the health and well-being of workers globally. Ten out of 11 initiatives were not purposefully designed to address precarious employment in general, nor specific dimensions of it. Seven out of 11 initiatives evaluated outcomes related to the occupational health and safety of precariously employed workers and six out of 11 evaluated worker health and well-being outcomes. Most initiatives showed the potential to improve the health of workers, although the evaluation component was often described with less detail than the initiative itself. Given the heterogeneity of the 11 initiatives regarding study design, sample size, implementation, evaluation, economic and political contexts, and target population, we found insufficient evidence to compare outcomes across types of initiatives, generalize findings, or make specific recommendations for the adoption of initiatives.
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- Hansson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Workload and cross-harvest kidney injury in a Nicaraguan sugarcane worker cohort
- 2019
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In: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 76:11, s. 818-826
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between workload and kidney injury in a fieldworker cohort with different levels of physically demanding work over a sugarcane harvest, and to assess whether the existing heat prevention efforts at a leading occupational safety and health programme are sufficient to mitigate kidney injury. METHODS: Biological and questionnaire data were collected before (n=545) and at the end (n=427) of harvest among field support staff (low workload), drip irrigation workers (moderate), seed cutters (high) and burned sugarcane cutters (very high). Dropouts were contacted (87%) and reported the reason for leaving work. Cross-harvest incident kidney injury (IKI) was defined as serum creatinine increase ≥0.30 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times the baseline value, or among dropouts reporting kidney injury leading to leaving work. RESULTS: Mean cross-harvest estimated glomerular filtration rate change was significantly associated with workload, increasing from 0 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the low-moderate category to -5 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the high and -9 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the very high workload group. A similar pattern occurred with IKI, where low-moderate workload had 2% compared with 27% in the very high workload category. A healthy worker selection effect was detected, with 32% of dropouts reporting kidney injury. Fever and C reactive protein elevation were associated with kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS: Workers considered to have the highest workload had more cross-harvest kidney damage than workers with less workload. Work practices preventing heat stress should be strengthened and their role in preventing kidney damage examined further. Future occupational studies on chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology should account for a healthy worker effect by pursuing those lost to follow-up.
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| 10. |
- Hogstedt, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Cancer Incidence in a Cohort of Swedish Chimney Sweeps, 1958-2006.
- 2013
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In: American Journal of Public Health. - 1541-0048. ; 103:9, s. 1708-1714
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. We examined cancer incidence in an expanded cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps. Methods. We added male chimney sweep trade union members (1981-2006) to an earlier cohort (employed 1918-1980) and linked them to nationwide registers of cancer, causes of deaths, and total population. The total cohort (n = 6320) was followed from 1958 through 2006. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using the male Swedish population as reference. We estimated exposure as years of employment and analyzed for exposure-response associations by Poisson regression. Results. A total of 813 primary cancers were observed vs 626 expected (SIR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.21, 1.39). As in a previous follow-up, SIRs were significantly increased for cancer of the esophagus, liver, lung, bladder, and all hematopoietic cancer. New findings included significantly elevated SIRs for cancer of the colon, pleura, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and at unspecified sites. Total cancer and bladder cancer demonstrated positive exposure-response associations. Conclusions. Exposure to soot and asbestos are likely causes of the observed cancer excesses, with contributions from adverse lifestyle factors. Preventive actions to control work exposures and promote healthier lifestyles are an important priority. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print January 17, 2013: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300860).
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