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- Forsberg, Peter, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Comparison and analysis of protective tribofilms found on heavy duty exhaust valves from field service and made in test rig
- 2013
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In: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 302:1-2 SI, s. 1351-1359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increasing demands from environmental legislations are changing the conditions that the valve system is exposed to in heavy duty engines. Increased pressures, higher temperatures and lower amounts of particulates which can build up a protective film are some of the increasing challenges which the system has to endure. Thick protective tribofilms found on heavy duty exhaust valve surfaces have been analysed with SEM, TEM, EFTEM, STEM-EDS, Nano-indenter and XPS in order to get a better understanding for the tribofilms properties. Two analysed samples are presented in this paper, from a field service truck and another from atest rig which uses vaporised engine oil to simulate the particle flow. The tribofilms are built upfrom several layers with varying compositions. Most of the material originates from oil additives, but also metallic oxides and other carbon compounds produced in the combustion system. The similarities between the rig generated tribofilm and the tribofilm found on the field tested valve verify the test rig behaviour and opens up for realistic wear testing where the importance ofthe protective tribofilm can be investigated in detail that is not possible in motor tests.
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- Forsberg, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Wear mechanism study of exhaust valve system in modern heavy duty combustion engines
- 2011
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In: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 271:9-10, s. 2477-2484
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing demands from environmental legislations are changing the conditions that the valve system is exposed to in heavy duty engines. Increased pressures, higher temperatures and lower amounts of soot which can build up a protective film are some of the increasing challenges which the system has to endure. Three pairs of valves and valve seat inserts with the same material and design properties but with different service condition have been analyzed with a variety of analytical instruments to gain information of how the wear occurs. The wear mechanisms found were a combination of oxidation, where many different oxides were found, adhesive wear, which was seen both in form of material transfer and flow lines. On top of Sample Mild and Hard there were tribo films of thickness varying from 1 to 5 mu m consisting of Ca, O, P, S and Zn. The film has in all cases protected the underlying surface from wear but in some cases seems to have a corrosive impact instead.
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- Hollman, Peter C. H., et al.
(author)
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Training aspects in the use and production of food composition databases. The EuroFIR experience
- 2009
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In: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 113:3, s. 842-845
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing number of national food databases have been published on the internet. However, these internet databases can only be searched individually, and the data have been compiled at a national level, resulting in incompatibilities. To resolve these problems, the Network of Excellence EuroFIR develops an internet based platform for online access to various national authoritative sources of food composition data in Europe. Training is essential for its use, and for the development of harmonised procedures of data production, evaluation, compilation, and retrieval. The training program developed within EuroFIR consists of individual training, supported by exchange grants, and a collection of workshops and training courses. Supportive E-learning modules are under construction. Procedures for the evaluation of each training activity have been made to measure its efficacy, and to learn about new training needs. Attention is given to special training needs of compilers in central and eastern European countries. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Pavlovic, Mirjana, et al.
(author)
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Training and capacity building in central and eastern Europe through the EuroFIR and CEE networks
- 2009
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In: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 113:3, s. 846-850
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Capacity building in food and nutrition aims to enhance knowledge and support infrastructural development in this field. International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOODS) was established on the basis of the recommendations of an international group convened under the auspices of the United Nations University (UNU). The European Food Information Resource Network (EuroFIR, Network of Excellence) aims to develop and integrate food composition data through Europe including CEE countries. EuroFIR, joined forces with the United Nations University/UN System Standing Committee on Nutrition, in capacity building. Inventories have been initiated by EuroFIR on food composition data base status and on capacity development needs. The inventories showed that many activities are already ongoing, providing a good potential for developments needed. Substantial differences exist between the countries, including lack of understanding about the concepts and what quality implies. Assessing the quality, frequency of the capacity development activities and the number of staff trained is needed. Several countries lacked adequate information: 6 of 8 had established Food Composition Databases, but none had electronic versions of the Food Composition Databases. Most had national databases, but needs for additional equipment seems considerable. Education, training, workshops, networking and sharing of experiences were cross-cutting themes for most countries. It is concluded that capacity development is a long-term, continuing process, with policies, plans, and activities and should have national priority. Special attention should be given to the capacity development dimensions generated by global and European strategies. Capacity development networks would be important tools in addressing present and future needs in various Countries. The EuroFIR training and exchange program is a valuable tool in achieving this. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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