| 1. |
- Furuhagen, Björn, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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The ideal teacher : orientations of teacher education in Sweden and Finland after the Second World War
- 2019
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In: History of Education. - : Routledge. - 0046-760X .- 1464-5130. ; 48:6, s. 784-805
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are many similarities between the Nordic countries of Sweden and Finland, but they have made different decisions regarding their teacher-education policies. This article focuses on how the objectives of teacher education, particularly the vision of the ideal teacher, have changed in Sweden and Finland in the period after the Second World War. In Finland, the period since the 1960s can be described as a gradual scientification of teacher education. The image of the ideal teacher has transformed according to a research-based agenda, where teachers are expected to conduct minor-scale research in the classroom. In Sweden since the 1980s, on the other hand, teacher education has oscillated between progressivist and academic orientations, following shifts in government between the Social Democratic Party and the centre-right. Since the turn of the millennium, however, a consensus in favour of a strengthened research base of teacher education has also emerged in Sweden.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Edquist, Samuel, et al.
(author)
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Islands of Identity : History-writing and identity formation in five island regions in the Baltic Sea
- 2015. - 1
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gotland, Åland, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Bornholm are five island regions in the Baltic Sea which constitute, or have until recently constituted, provinces or counties of their own. Combining perspectives from two disparate academic fields, uses of history and island studies, this book investigates how regional history writing has contributed to the formation of regional identity on these islands since the year 1800. The special geographic situation of the islands-somewhat secluded from the mainland but also connected to important waterways-has provided their inhabitants with shared historical experiences. Due to varying geographic and historical circumstances, the relationship between regional and national identity is however different on each island. While regional history writing has in most cases aimed at integrating the island into the nation state, it has on Åland in the second half of the 20th century been used to portray its inhabitants as a separate nation. Dramatic political upheavals as the World Wars has also caused shifts in how regional history writing has represented the relationship to the mainland nation state, and has sometimes also resulted in altered national loyalties.
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| 4. |
- Furuhagen, Björn, et al.
(author)
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From Seminar to University : Dismantling an Old and Constructing a New Teacher Education in Finland and Sweden, 1946–1979
- 2017
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In: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:1, s. 53-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the 1970s, Sweden and Finland abandoned the system of seminars for folk school teachers and incorporated all teacher education into the system of higher education. The visions behind the new education, as well as the original plans for its structure, were similar in both countries, but the outcomes were different. Finland managed to a greater extent to implement an academic teacher education located at universities, while the Swedish solution was deemed unsatisfactory by many actors, leading to several new reforms in the following decades. This can be explained by the different nature of the conflicts surrounding the reforms in Sweden and Finland. In Finland, the early 1970s was a period of intense left-right polarisation, followed by attempts to depoliticise teacher education. In Sweden, the vision of an academic teacher education met successful resistance from regional actors, resulting in the preservation of much of the old seminar system under the guise of small teacher education colleges.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Furuhagen, Björn, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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From Seminar to University. Dismantling an old and Constructing a New teacher Education in Sweden and Finland 1946 – 1979.
- 2017
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In: Nordic Journal of Educational History, no 1 2017.. ; 4:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the 1970s, Sweden and Finland abandoned the system of seminars for folk school teachers and incorporated all teacher education into the system of higher education. The visions behind the new education, as well as the original plans for its structure, were similar in both countries, but the outcomes were different. Finland managed to a greater extent to implement an academic teacher education located at universities, while the Swedish solution was deemed unsatisfactory by many actors, leading to several new reforms in the following decades. This can be explained by the different nature of the conflicts surrounding the reforms in Sweden and Finland. In Finland, the early 1970s was a period of intense left-right polarisation, followed by attempts to depoliticise teacher education. In Sweden, the vision of an academic teacher education met successful resistance from regional actors, resulting in the preservation of much of the old seminar system under the guise of small teacher education
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| 7. |
- Furuhagen, Björn, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Teachers as a political force : Teacher unions, teacher cultures, and teacher education in Sweden and Finland, 1970–2020
- 2022
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In: Schoolteachers and the Nordic Model. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780367535858 - 9781003082514 ; , s. 157-170
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter investigates the differing roles of teacher unions in Sweden and Finland. In Sweden, there are separate teacher unions for subject teachers, with their roots in the grammar-school tradition, and for class teachers, rooted in the folk-school tradition. In Finland, these two teacher categories were merged into one union in the early 1970s. The Swedish teacher unions have different views on the organisation and content of teacher education, with disagreements focused on lower secondary school, where both subject and class teachers claim the right to teach. This has been connected to ideological arguments, where subject teachers have defended the role of subject knowledge in teacher education, supported by the political centre-right, and class teachers have argued for the importance of general pedagogical skills, supported by the Social Democrats. This has led to new reforms of teacher education at every change of government since the 1970s. During this entire period, no new reforms of teacher education have taken place in Finland where the united teacher union has, in order to please both categories of teachers, emphasised flexibility and the importance of in-service training as a means of adapting teachers’ competencies for different student age groups.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Holmén, Janne
(author)
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A small separate fatherland of our own : regional history writing and regional identity on islands in the Baltic Sea
- 2014
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In: Island Studies Journal. - 1715-2593. ; 9:1, s. 135-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gotland, Åland, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Bornholm are five islands in the Baltic Sea which constitute, or have until recently constituted, provinces or counties. Combining perspectives from the fields of island studies and history, this article investigates how regional history writing has contributed to the formation of regional identity on each island since the year 1800. The special geographic situation of the islands somewhat secluded from the mainland but also connected to important waterways has provided their inhabitants with shared historical experiences. Due to varying geographic and historical circumstances, the relationship between regional and national identity is however different on each island. While regional history writing has often aimed at integrating the island into the nation state, it has on Åland in the 20th century been used to portray its inhabitants as a separate nation.
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