| 1. |
- Gillman, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Strain with an H274Y Mutation in Neuraminidase Persists without Drug Pressure in Infected Mallards
- 2015
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In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 81:7, s. 2378-2383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Influenza A virus (IAV) has its natural reservoir in wild waterfowl and emerging human IAVs often contain gene segments from avian viruses. The active drug metabolite of oseltamivir (oseltamivir carboxylate (OC)), stockpiled as Tamiflu® for influenza pandemic preparedness, is not removed by conventional sewage treatment and has been detected in river water. There, it may there exert evolutionary pressure on avian IAV in waterfowl, resulting in development of resistant viral variants. A resistant avian IAV can circulate among wild birds only if resistance does not restrict viral fitness and if the resistant virus can persist without continuous drug pressure. In this in vivo Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) study we tested if an OC-resistant avian IAV strain (A(H1N1)/NA-H274Y) could retain resistance while drug pressure was gradually removed. Successively infected Mallards were exposed to decreasing levels of OC, and fecal samples were analyzed for neuraminidase sequence and phenotypic resistance. No reversion to wild-type virus was observed during the experiment, which included 17 days of viral transmission in 10 ducks exposed to OC concentrations below resistance induction levels. We conclude that resistance in avian IAV, induced by OC exposure of the natural host, can persist in absence of the drug. Thus, there is a risk that human pathogenic IAVs that evolve from IAVs circulating among wild birds may contain resistance mutations. An oseltamivir resistant pandemic IAV would be a substantial public health threat. Therefore, our observations underscore the need for prudent oseltamivir use, upgraded sewage treatment and resistance surveillance of IAV in wild birds.
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| 2. |
- Ahlford, Marianne, et al.
(author)
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Uppsala Underdogs - A Robot Soccer Project
- 2006
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the four-legged soccer team Uppsala Underdogs developed by a group of 4th year computer science students at Uppsala University during the fall of 2004. The project is based on the experience from two similar previous projects. This year the emphasis of the project has been on distribution of data and on support for evaluation and reconfiguration of strategies. To support data distribution, a middleware has been developed, which implements a replication algorithm and provides a clean interface for the other software modules (or behaviors). To enable easy reconfiguration of strategies, an automata-based graphical description language has been developed, which can be compiled into code that uses the database and the lower level modules, such as tactics and positioning, to make decisions and control the robot. In addition, a graphical simulator has been developed in which the strategies can be evaluated.
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| 3. |
- Andresen, Kristoffer, et al.
(author)
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Collaboration between the Danish and Swedish hernia registers – a study protocol
- 2022
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In: Danish Medical Journal. - : Almindelige Danske Laegeforening. - 2245-1919. ; 69:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- NTRODUCTION: The most common laparo-endoscopic groin hernia repair techniques are TEP (total extraperitoneal) and TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) repair. Despite geographic proximity, Swedish surgeons distinctively favour TEP, whereas Danish surgeons prefer TAPP. The aim of this study is to analyse the risk of reoperation for recurrence after TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein repair using data from two nationwide registers. We also aim to discuss advantages of international collaboration between nationwide registers.METHODS: All groin hernia operations registered as TEP, TAPP or Lichtenstein repair in the Swedish Hernia Register and the Danish Hernia Database between January 2004 and December 2020 will be included. Cumulative hazard rate of reoperation for recurrence will be estimated using Cox-regression analyses adjusted for age and anatomy.CONCLUSION: Approximately 400,000 operations are estimated to have been registered prospectively in the inclusion period in the registers. The merging of two nationwide registers was made possible owing to close cooperation between the register steering committees and by obtaining the necessary approvals. This unique collaboration between nationwide registers will make it possible to compare the risk of reoperation for recurrence after TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein repair on an international level. In future, similar collaboration may be established to explore other outcomes such as complication rates and chronic pain.
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| 4. |
- Andresen, Kristoffer, et al.
(author)
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Collaboration between the Danish and Swedish hernia registers - a study protocol.
- 2022
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In: Danish medical journal. - : Almindelige Danske Laegeforening. - 2245-1919. ; 69:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The most common laparo-endoscopic groin hernia repair techniques are TEP (total extraperitoneal) and TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) repair. Despite geographic proximity, Swedish surgeons distinctively favour TEP, whereas Danish surgeons prefer TAPP. The aim of this study is to analyse the risk of reoperation for recurrence after TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein repair using data from two nationwide registers. We also aim to discuss advantages of international collaboration between nationwide registers.All groin hernia operations registered as TEP, TAPP or Lichtenstein repair in the Swedish Hernia Register and the Danish Hernia Database between January 2004 and December 2020 will be included. Cumulative hazard rate of reoperation for recurrence will be estimated using Cox-regression analyses adjusted for age and anatomy.Approximately 400,000 operations are estimated to have been registered prospectively in the inclusion period in the registers. The merging of two nationwide registers was made possible owing to close cooperation between the register steering committees and by obtaining the necessary approvals. This unique collaboration between nationwide registers will make it possible to compare the risk of reoperation for recurrence after TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein repair on an international level. In future, similar collaboration may be established to explore other outcomes such as complication rates and chronic pain.This study protocol is financed by grants generated from Sahlgrenska University Hospital (ALF grant ALFGBG-733561, an agreement concerning research and education of doctors) and the Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS-784551).not relevant.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Axman, E., et al.
(author)
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Chronic pain and risk for reoperation for recurrence after inguinal hernia repair using self-gripping mesh
- 2020
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In: Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 167:3, s. 609-613
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Improved recurrence rates after groin hernia surgery have led to chronic pain becoming the most troublesome postoperative complication. Self-gripping mesh was developed to decrease the risk for development of chronic pain. The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to compare recurrence rate and chronic pain 1 year after an open, anterior mesh repair of inguinal hernias with either a self-gripping mesh or other lightweight mesh. Method: All operations registered as open anterior mesh repair (Lichtenstein) in the Swedish Hernia Registry between September 2012 and October 2016 were selected. At 1 year after repair, patients were sent a pain questionnaire assessing chronic pain. We compared the prevalence of chronic pain and reoperation for recurrence using lightweight, sutured mesh or self-gripping mesh. Results: We analyzed the 1,803 repairs using self-gripping mesh and 16,567 repairs using lightweight mesh. We found no difference in the prevalence of chronic pain 1 year after the hernia repair between selfgripping mesh and sutured lightweight mesh (OR 0.92, CI 95% 0.80-1.06, P = .257). There was no increase in reoperation for recurrence when using self-gripping mesh (HR 0.71, CI 95% 0.45-1.14, P = .156). Mean operation time was considerably less when using self-gripping mesh (43 vs 70 minutes; P > .001). Conclusion: The use of self-gripping mesh does not decrease the incidence of chronic pain and reoperation for recurrence compared with lightweight, sutured mesh for open anterior mesh repair of inguinal hernias. Furthermore, the use of self-gripping mesh is associated with a clinically important, lesser operation time. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Biermann, Jana, et al.
(author)
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Radiation-induced genomic instability in breast carcinomas of the Swedish haemangioma cohort.
- 2019
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In: Genes, chromosomes & cancer. - : Wiley. - 1098-2264 .- 1045-2257. ; 58:9, s. 627-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radiation-induced genomic instability (GI) is hypothesized to persist after exposure and ultimately promote carcinogenesis. Based on the absorbed dose to the breast, an increased risk of developing breast cancer was shown in the Swedish haemangioma cohort that was treated with radium-226 for skin haemangioma as infants. Here, we screened 31 primary breast carcinomas for genetic alterations using the OncoScan CNV Plus Assay to assess GI and chromothripsis-like patterns associated with the absorbed dose to the breast. Higher absorbed doses were associated with increased numbers of copy number alterations (CNAs) in the tumour genome and thus a more unstable genome. Hence, the observed dose-dependent GI in the tumour genome is a measurable manifestation of the long-term effects of irradiation. We developed a highly predictive Cox regression model for overall survival based on the interaction between absorbed dose and GI. The Swedish haemangioma cohort is a valuable cohort to investigate the biological relationship between absorbed dose and GI in irradiated humans. This work gives a biological basis for improved risk assessment to minimize carcinogenesis as a secondary disease after radiation therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Boström, Zebastian, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Microporous/Mesoporous and Microporous HZSM-5 as Catalyst for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Toluene with Ethene
- 2014
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:54, s. 28786-28793
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work we investigated the effect of mesopores in a standard zeolite used as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene with ethene. A cationic polymer was used for templating mesopores in a microporous ZSM-5 framework. The mesopore-containing zeolite was compared with a regular zeolite with only micropores with respect to conversion, yield and selectivity. The two NaZSM-5 materials were prepared with the same Si/Al molar ratio and diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT-FTIR) confirmed that the acidity of the ion-exchanged forms (HZSM-5) were identical. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to determine the particle size of the zeolites, which was similar for the two HZSM-5 materials and nitrogen sorption was used to determine the surface area and pore size distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis displayed typical crystalline diffraction patterns for the ZSM-5 framework for both the microporous/mesoporous and the microporous ZSM-5 materials. The results from catalytic testing show an increase in the overall conversion of toluene for the zeolite that contains mesopores. Furthermore, a higher product yield (C 9 ) is obtained for this catalyst. The increase in yield and conversion is most likely due to the mesopores; however, incorporation of mesopores in the microporous ZSM-5 framework gives only minor effects on selectivity with respect to mono- vs. dialkylation, and ortho:meta:para ratio. Consequently, this work shows that the presence of mesopores in a microporous ZSM-5 framework is beneficial for the reaction in terms of conversion of starting material and reaction yield but does not markedly affect the product composition. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.
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| 10. |
- Boström, Zebastian, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Friedel-Crafts alkylation of sodium salicylate with 4-tert butylbenzyl chloride performed in aqueous dispersions of mesoporous oxides
- 2013
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In: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 1381-1169. ; 366, s. 171-178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reactant incompatibility is a common problem in organic chemistry. In this study we investigate the use of concentrated aqueous dispersions of mesoporous oxides to overcome incompatibility in the Friedel-Crafts reaction between sodium salicylate and 4-tert-butylbenzyl chloride. The mesoporous material was first impregnated with the water-soluble nucleophile, sodium salicylate, and the "loaded" particles were then dispersed in the apolar electrophile, 4-tert-butylbenzyl chloride. A range of different mesoporous oxides and one clay mineral, montmorillonite, were investigated as catalyst for the reaction. These were all characterised with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and with nitrogen adsorption (BET and BJH methods). Their Lewis and Bronstedt acidities were determined by ammonia adsorption experiments using diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy as detection method. The reaction proceeded well and gave high yields provided proper stirring was maintained. Alumina, an aluminosilicate and montmorillonate were the most efficient catalysts. These were also the materials that showed the strongest Lewis acidity. In general, there was good correlation between Lewis acidity and efficiency of the material as catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Attempts to reuse the catalyst were not entirely successful. Deactivation occurred after the first run. ESCA indicated that the reduction in performance was due to adsorption of carbonaceous residues on the catalyst. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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