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| 2. |
- Chan, Sherwin, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of PfEMP1-VAR2CSA translation by a Plasmodium translation-enhancing factor
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 2:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pregnancy-associated malaria commonly involves the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to placental chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) through the PfEMP1-VAR2CSA protein. VAR2CSA is translationally repressed by an upstream open reading frame. In this study, we report that the P. falciparum translation enhancing factor (PTEF) relieves upstream open reading frame repression and thereby facilitates VAR2CSA translation. VAR2CSA protein levels in var2csa-transcribing parasites are dependent on the expression level of PTEF, and the alleviation of upstream open reading frame repression requires the proteolytic processing of PTEF by PfCalpain. Cleavage generates a C-terminal domain that contains a sterile-alpha-motif-like domain. The C-terminal domain is permissive to cytoplasmic shuttling and interacts with ribosomes to facilitate translational derepression of the var2csa coding sequence. It also enhances translation in a heterologous translation system and thus represents the first non-canonical translation enhancing factor to be found in a protozoan. Our results implicate PTEF in regulating placental CSA binding of infected erythrocytes.
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| 3. |
- Gao, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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The landscape of tolerated genetic variation in humans and primates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personalized genome sequencing has revealed millions of genetic differences between individuals, but our understanding of their clinical relevance remains largely incomplete. To systematically decipher the effects of human genetic variants, we obtained whole-genome sequencing data for 809 individuals from 233 primate species and identified 4.3 million common protein-altering variants with orthologs in humans. We show that these variants can be inferred to have nondeleterious effects in humans based on their presence at high allele frequencies in other primate populations. We use this resource to classify 6% of all possible human protein-altering variants as likely benign and impute the pathogenicity of the remaining 94% of variants with deep learning, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy for diagnosing pathogenic variants in patients with genetic diseases.
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| 4. |
- Haglund, Lars, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Med en examen från Karlstads universitet : Alumner om studier och arbete 2011
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Våren 2008 beslutade ledningen för Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT vid Karlstads universitet att på ett systematiskt sätt samla in information om Fakultetens utbildningar genom enkäter till alumner, dvs. f d studenter. Målet med dessa inledande studier är att ta fram ett informationsunderslag som vi kan lägga till grund för utveckling av våra utbildningsprogram.Tanken med studierna är att alumnerna skall ha något eller några års erfarenhet av livet efter studierna innan de är med i våra undersökningar. De som får svara på våra frågor är alltså tillräckligt nära sina studier för att komma ihåg detaljer men de har ändå en del erfarenhet från arbetslivet. De urval av alumner som vi gjort omfattar de som avslutat sina studier några år före enkätens genomförande. Vi planerar att genomföra studierna inom alla våra program med ett rullande schema. Planen är att vi för ett visst program skall genomföra enkäter ungefär vart 3-4 år för att på så sätt täcka in alla våra studenter.Här redovisas nu den tredje delrapporten i projektet. Utöver en andra omgång av alumnstudier bland ekonomer och de som läst projektledning, tillkommer ett par enkäter inom nytillkomna program - IT-Design, Master of Business Administration (MBA) och magisterprogrammet i Arbetsvetenskap. Studenterna i föreliggande studie har i första hand sina examina från åren 2007, 2008 och 2009.I rapporten redovisas enkäter till alumner som vid Karlstads universitet läst:Projektledning, kurser eller programEkonomprogrammet med examen på kandidat-, magister- eller mastersnivåMagisterprogrammet med examen i ArbetsvetenskapKandidatprogrammet med examen i IT-DesignMaster of Business Administration (MBA)
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| 5. |
- Haglund, Lars, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Studenter om studier och studentliv : Resultat från studentenkäter vid fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT 2011
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en delrapport inom projektet Studenter om studier och studentliv. Sedan våren 2000 har ett antal studentenkäter genomförts vid Karlstads universitet. Totalt har omkring 15.000 studenter svarat på frågor om hur de upplever studier och studentliv här i Karlstad. I rapporten redovisas i detalj resultat från en studentenkät hösten 2011. Totalt har 1.135 studenter svarat på vår enkät. De som svarat är studenter som på Campus läser program och kurser inom fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT. Jämförelser görs med tidigare studentenkäter. Slutsatser från undersökningarna utgör en grund för utveckling av kurser och program vid Karlstads universitet.
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| 6. |
- Kim, Dae-Kyum, et al.
(författare)
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EVpedia: A Community Web Portal for Extracellular Vesicles Research
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 31:6, s. 933-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivation: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical bilayered proteolipids, harboring various bioactive molecules. Due to the complexity of the vesicular nomenclatures and components, online searches for EV-related publications and vesicular components are currently challenging. Results: We present an improved version of EVpedia, a public database for EVs research. This community web portal contains a database of publications and vesicular components, identification of orthologous vesicular components, bioinformatic tools and a personalized function. EVpedia includes 6879 publications, 172 080 vesicular components from 263 high-throughput datasets, and has been accessed more than 65 000 times from more than 750 cities. In addition, about 350 members from 73 international research groups have participated in developing EVpedia. This free web-based database might serve as a useful resource to stimulate the emerging field of EV research.
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| 7. |
- Kuderna, Lukas F. K., et al.
(författare)
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A global catalog of whole-genome diversity from 233 primate species
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6648, s. 906-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rich diversity of morphology and behavior displayed across primate species provides an informative context in which to study the impact of genomic diversity on fundamental biological processes. Analysis of that diversity provides insight into long-standing questions in evolutionary and conservation biology and is urgent given severe threats these species are facing. Here, we present high-coverage wholegenome data from 233 primate species representing 86% of genera and all 16 families. This dataset was used, together with fossil calibration, to create a nuclear DNA phylogeny and to reassess evolutionary divergence times among primate clades. We found within-species genetic diversity across families and geographic regions to be associated with climate and sociality, but not with extinction risk. Furthermore, mutation rates differ across species, potentially influenced by effective population sizes. Lastly, we identified extensive recurrence of missense mutations previously thought to be human specific. This study will open a wide range of research avenues for future primate genomic research.
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| 8. |
- Kuderna, Lukas F. K., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of constrained sequence elements across 239 primate genomes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7996, s. 735-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases1,2, and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by the faster evolution of noncoding DNA compared to protein-coding DNA10, the relatively short timescales separating primate species11, and the previously limited availability of whole-genome sequences12. Here we construct a whole-genome alignment of 239 species, representing nearly half of all extant species in the primate order. Using this resource, we identified human regulatory elements that are under selective constraint across primates and other mammals at a 5% false discovery rate. We detected 111,318 DNase I hypersensitivity sites and 267,410 transcription factor binding sites that are constrained specifically in primates but not across other placental mammals and validate their cis-regulatory effects on gene expression. These regulatory elements are enriched for human genetic variants that affect gene expression and complex traits and diseases. Our results highlight the important role of recent evolution in regulatory sequence elements differentiating primates, including humans, from other placental mammals.
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| 9. |
- Rocha, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Blood Compatibility of Sulfonated Cladophora Nanocellulose Beads
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 23:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfonated cellulose beads were prepared by oxidation of Cladophora nanocellulose to 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose followed by sulfonation using bisulfite. The physicochemical properties of the sulfonated beads, i.e., high surface area, high degree of oxidation, spherical shape, and the possibility of tailoring the porosity, make them interesting candidates for the development of immunosorbent platforms, including their application in extracorporeal blood treatments. A desired property for materials used in such applications is blood compatibility; therefore in the present work, we investigate the hemocompatibility of the sulfonated cellulose beads using an in vitro whole blood model. Complement system activation (C3a and sC5b-9 levels), coagulation activation (thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) levels) and hemolysis were evaluated after whole blood contact with the sulfonated beads and the results were compared with the values obtained with the unmodified Cladophora nanocellulose. Results showed that neither of the cellulosic materials presented hemolytic activity. A marked decrease in TAT levels was observed after blood contact with the sulfonated beads, compared with Cladophora nanocellulose. However, the chemical modification did not promote an improvement in Cladophora nanocellulose hemocompatibility in terms of complement system activation. Even though the sulfonated beads presented a significant reduction in pro-coagulant activity compared with the unmodified material, further modification strategies need to be investigated to control the complement activation by the cellulosic materials.
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