| 1. |
- Bodin Danielsson, Christina, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Health-Supportive Office Design-It Is Chafing Somewhere : Where and Why?
- 2022
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:19, s. 12504-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This explorative case study investigates health-promoting office design from an experience and meaning-making perspective in an activity-based flex-office (A-FO) in a headquarter building. This small case study (n = 11) builds using qualitative data (walk-through and focus group interviews). A reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) of the experience of design approach was performed on this from a health and sustainability perspective, including the physical, mental, and social dimensions of health defined by WHO. Results show a wide range in participants' experiences and meaning-making of the health-promoting office design of their office building. The control aspect plays a central role in participants' experiences, including factors such as surveillance and obeyance, related to status and power, in turn associated with experiences of pleasantness, symbolism, and inclusiveness. Three main themes are identified in participants' experiences: (1) comfort-non-comfort, (2) outsider-insider, and (3) symbolism. The major finding of the study is the ambiguity among participants about the health-supportive office design of the office building per se and its various environments. There is a sense that it is chafing, due to dissonance between the intention of the office and the applied design.
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| 2. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Agents of change? Exploring relations among school staff connected to daily physical activity promotion in a Swedish secondary school from a social network perspective
- 2024
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Earlier research proposes that a school’s social environment among staff functions as an important facilitator for physical activity policy/curriculum dissemination, such as support among colleagues, physical activity ideas shared between teachers, as well as having individuals as ‘agents of change’. It is often proclaimed that physical education teachers inhabit these ‘agentic’ roles concerning physical activity and health promotion targeting youth during the school day. Despite this, little seems to have been researched concerning the agentic roles of physical educators and other school staff and their social networks within the school organization. Consequently, this study aims to explore relations among school staff regarding daily physical activity promotion in a Swedish secondary school from a social network perspective. This case study applied a convergent mixed method design with an emergent approach, where the qualitative ethnographic data and quantitative survey data were collected around the same time. Data was collected during one full school year from school staff at one secondary school (students aged 12-16 years, grades 7-9) in a larger urban area in Sweden. The sample included all staff within the school that interacts with secondary students, which involves school management, staff and teachers who are responsible for secondary students at some point during the school day, involved in student health or are engaged in physical activity, as well as physical education and health teachers. Our empirical material consists of field notes (180 hours of fieldwork), transcriptions from interviews (12 staff), as well as survey nomination data (23 participants). Qualitative data has been analyzed through a reflexive thematic analysis, and survey data through a social network analysis, and then further combined in an integrated analysis. Preliminary results of the current study show that the school staff’s social networks are characterized in different ways within close everyday-discussion colleague networks, peer networks concerning physical activity, and advisory networks regarding physical activity. In the everyday discussions among staff on topics regarding secondary students, physical education teachers are positioned as isolated islands in the networks. While physical education teachers hold a somewhat key role relating to discussions about physical activity, these discussions also go through other, and sometimes more influential, agents. Conflictingly, the physical education teachers still picture themselves as physical activity ambassadors for students’ daily physical activity. This picture is also shared by other school staff. At this school, the results shed light on important issues concerning how the social (network) context among school staff helps promote and inhibit physical activities for the students.
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| 5. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Effects of yoga-based interventions on cognitive function in healthy older adults : A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
- 2021
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In: Complementary Therapies in Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0965-2299 .- 1873-6963. ; 58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The world's elderly population is growing. Physical activity has positive effects on health and cognition, but is decreasing among the elderly. Interest in yoga-based exercises has increased in this population, especially as an intervention targeting balance, flexibility, strength, and well-being. Recent interest has arisen regarding yoga's potential benefits for cognition.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of yoga-based interventions on cognitive functioning in healthy adults aged ≥60. A secondary aim was to describe intervention characteristics and, where possible, the extent to which these influenced study outcomes.METHOD: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed from inception to June 2020 using the following electronic databases: (1) PubMed (NLM); (2) Embase (Elsevier); (3) Cochrane Central (Wiley); (4) PsycINFO (EBSCOhost); and (5) Cinahl (EbscoHost).INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs of yoga-based interventions assessing cognition in healthy adults ≥60 years. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool.RESULTS: A total of 1466 records were initially identified; six studies (5 unique trials) were included in the review. Four of the six articles reported significant positive effects of yoga-based interventions on cognition, including gross memory functioning and executive functions. Intervention characteristics and assessment methods varied between studies, with a high overall risk of bias in all studies.CONCLUSION: Yoga-based interventions are associated with improvements in cognition in healthy older adults. Adequately powered RCTs with robust study designs and long-term follow-ups are required. Future studies should explicitly report the intervention characteristics associated with changes in cognitive function.
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| 6. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Ett fysiskt aktivt liv? En etnografisk komparativ flerfallsstudie av förhandlingar och handlingsutrymmen under skoldagen
- 2023
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In: Program Svensk förening för beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning (SVEBI) årliga idrottsvetenskapliga konferens. ; , s. 18-
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IntroduktionSkolmiljöer presenteras ofta som en stor del av ’lösningen’ på att få unga att engagera sig i rörelse, eftersom i princip alla unga befinner sig i skolan under en tredjedel av dagen. Även om hälsofördelarna med fysisk aktivitet är väl dokumenterade, är anledningarna till att vara fysiskt aktiv eller inte relaterade till både individuella och kontextuella strukturer hos skolan som institution och de som befinner sig där under en skoldag. I den svenska läroplanen för grundskolan står det framskrivet i den allmänna delen att ”skolan ska också sträva efter att ge alla elever daglig fysisk aktivitet inom ramen för hela skoldagen” (Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet [Lgr22], 2022). Trots detta verkar många skolor ha utmaningar med att ta sig an denna uppgift, och strävan efter att ge alla elever daglig fysisk aktivitet i skolmiljöer är mycket mer komplex än vid en första anblick. Denna studie avser att studera hinder och möjligheter för ungas fysiskt aktiva liv under skoldagen, genom att undersöka skolans vardagsliv i relation till rörelse under ett läsår i fyra högstadieskolor.Syfte och teoretisk ramSyftet med denna etnografiska studie är att utforska de olika skolornas uppfattningar och praktiker kopplat till fysisk aktivitet under skoldagen, och hur elever och skolpersonal förhåller sig till möjligheter och hinder för att engagera sig i fysisk aktivitet i skolan. I den här studien använder vi ett ekologiskt perspektiv, inspirerad av arbetet av Priestley, Biesta och Robinson (2015). Teorin betonar vikten av både individuella kapaciteter och kontextuella dimensioner, men framförallt mötet däremellan, där handlingsutrymme som ett fenomen uppnås i detta samspel. Handlandet förankras i tidigare erfarenheter och aspirerar mot framtida mål, värderingar och strävanden. På detta sätt rymmer teorin aspekter som är både relationella och temporala.MetodDet här en etnografisk komparativ flerfallsstudie som har utförts av ett team på fyra forskare under tre två-veckorsperioder över ett års tid i fyra svenska högstadieskolor i Storstockholms området. Fältarbetet har involverat deltagande observationer, informella samtal och semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolledning, lärare, elevhälsoteam och annan personal, samt högstadieelever (13-14 år). Främst består materialet av fältanteckningar från omkring 700 timmar av fältarbete och 86 intervjuer med 102 respondenter (50 elever och 52 personal) över de fyra skolorna. Analys av det empiriska materialet utfördes med hjälp av reflexiv tematisk analys.Resultat och diskussionPreliminära resultat visar att skolans struktur, logiker och miljöer tydligt påverkar möjligheterna för fysisk aktivitet under en skoldag. Ungdomsåldern under högstadiet är en period i livet där självständigheten ofta ökar. Elevers eget inflytande och delaktighet i hur de kan vara aktiva eller inte tilltar med deras utveckling i autonomi, och där fungerar fysiska aktivitetsbeteenden också som en social markör som informeras av könsrelaterade och sociokulturella strukturer. Skolans organisation förändras under högstadiet mot högre krav, större ämnesfokus och bedömning av elever, där utbildningsuppdraget och dess logiker starkt påverkar vad som värderas och prioriteras under en skoldag. Där blir rörelse, lek och (till viss del) svett ofta nedprioriterat och något oseriöst. Detta gör även att ansvarsfrågan kring ungas fysiskt aktiva liv hamnar ’mellan stolarna’ – i skolan som institution, mellan hemmet och skolan, och hos individen själv. Framtida forskning bör vidare undersöka detta gränsland, där rörelse, hälsopromotion och skolans logiker möts, där (skol)strukturella och pedagogiska perspektiv inom folkhälsoforskning kan lyftas. Det skulle bidra till ett mer hållbart angreppssätt av rörelsefrågan i skolans miljöer.
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| 7. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Gendered relations? Associations between Swedish parents, siblings, and adolescents' time spent sedentary and physically active
- 2024
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In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9367. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionThe family is assumed to be fundamental in youth socialization processes and development, connected to social and cultural practices such as healthy lifestyles and physical activity. However, gender patterns in physical activity among adolescents and the structural drivers of gender inequality (e.g., parentage and siblingship) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore further how gender structures relate to adolescents' time spent being sedentary and physically active, using contemporary gender theory.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 1,139 adolescents aged 13-14 and their parents, including 815 mothers and 572 fathers. Physical activity and time spent sedentary were assessed through accelerometry among adolescents and through a self-report questionnaire for parents validated against accelerometry.ResultsThe results showed significant relationships between mothers' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and girls' MVPA on weekdays and weekends, and fathers' MVPA was significantly related to girls' MVPA on weekdays. Our results imply that the relationship between Swedish parents' and adolescent girls' physical activity in higher intensities are to some extent gendered practices. However, time spent sedentary does not seem to show any patterns of being performed according to binary ideas of gender. Further, our exploratory analyses suggest that these results somewhat intersect with parents' educational level and relate to intra-categorical aspects of doing gender. The results also indicate slight gendered patterns in the “doing” of brotherhood for time spent sedentary, however, for boys only on weekends.Discussion The study contributes to the understanding of gender norms as constraints and enablers for adolescents' participation in physical activity. The results can spur public health and physical activity research to apply a contemporary gender theory approach, and to expand the research agenda connected to what relates to gender inequalities in physical activity practices.
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| 8. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative Measurements for Factors Influencing Implementation in School Settings : Protocol for A Systematic Review and A Psychometric and Pragmatic Analysis.
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In order to address the effectiveness and sustainability of school-based interventions, there is a need to consider the factors affecting implementation success. The rapidly growing field of implementation-focused research is struggling to determine how to assess and measure implementation-relevant constructs. Earlier research has identified the need for strong psychometric and pragmatic measures. The aims of this review are therefore to (i) systematically review the literature to identify measurements of the factors influencing implementations which have been developed or adapted in school settings, (ii) describe each measurement's psychometric and pragmatic properties, (iii) describe the alignment between each measurement and the corresponding domain and/or construct of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).METHODS: Six databases (Medline, ERIC, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, and Web of Science) will be searched for peer-reviewed articles reporting on school settings, published from the year 2000. The identified measurements will be mapped against the CFIR, and analyzed for their psychometric and pragmatic properties.DISCUSSION: By identifying measurements that are psychometrically and pragmatically impactful in the field, this review will contribute to the identification of feasible, effective, and sustainable implementation strategies for future research in school settings.
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| 9. |
- Hoy, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Yoga, vetenskap och fakta : därför fungerar det
- 2019
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Visst känns det skönt i både kropp och själ att yoga? Men är det ”bara” en känsla eller kan yogan faktiskt påverka vårt mående och hälsa? Ny spännande forskning visar att yogan inte bara ökar välbefinnandet, utan även kan ge bland annat en ökad stresstålighet, hjälpa vid depression och oro och minska risken för hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Yoga har även bevisad effekt på smärta, framför allt när det gäller värk i nacken, den nedre delen av ryggen, och även vid spänningshuvudvärk.Förutom att presentera fakta ger Sara praktiska tips på enkla yogaövningar och strategier du kan använda för en hållbar hälsa och att förebygga vanliga sjukdomar.Yoga kan alltså göra dig stark i både kropp och sinne, både för att den innehåller fysisk aktivitet men också för att den inrymmer återhämtning för stressreducering och mental effektivitet. Redan från första stund skapar yogan en kaskad av positiva fysiologiska reaktioner i kroppen. Under de första långa djupa andetagen sjunker stressnivån i kroppen. Musklerna slappnar av och hjärtat börjar slå långsammare så att pulsen sänks.När du börjar värma upp kroppen med yogans rörelser som steg för steg blir mer ansträngande kommer blodtrycket och pulsen att öka igen. I den avslutande vilan sätter dina lugn- och rosystem igång och gör gott för återhämtningen. Oavsett om du är en van motionär eller sällan är i rörelse finns effekten av ett yogapass kvar långt efter att det är slut. Det är inte bara något du känner själv, utan vetenskapen håller med dig![Text från förlaget]
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| 10. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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