| 1. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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In: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 2. |
- Bernardo, Vitor, et al.
(author)
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Green wireless-energy efficiency in wireless networks
- 2015
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In: Large-scale distributed systems and energy efficiency. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781118864630 - 9781118981122
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wireless networks have become more and more popular because of ease of installation, ease of access, and support of smart terminals and gadgets on the move. In the overall life cycle of providing green wireless technology, from production to operation and, finally, removal, this chapter focuses on the operation phase and summarizes insights in energy consumption of major technologies. The chapter also focuses on the edge of the network, comprising network access points (APs) and mobile user devices. It discusses particularities of most important wireless networking technologies: wireless access networks including 3G/LTE and wireless mesh networks (WMNs); wireless sensor networks (WSNs); and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks. Concerning energy efficiency, the chapter discusses challenges in access, wireless sensor, and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks.
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| 3. |
- Hedman, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Receiving support to quit smoking and quit attempts among smokers with and without smoking related diseases : Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
- 2018
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In: Tobacco Induced Diseases. - Heraklion : European Publishing. - 1617-9625. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Having a chronic disease either caused or worsened by tobacco smoking does not always translate into quitting smoking. Although smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective medical interventions, it remains poorly implemented in healthcare settings. The aim was to examine whether smokers with chronic and respiratory diseases were more likely to receive support to quit smoking by a healthcare provider or make a quit attempt than smokers without these diseases.METHODS This population-based study included a sample of 6011 adult smokers in six European countries. The participants were interviewed face-to-face and asked questions on sociodemographic characteristics, current diagnoses for chronic diseases, healthcare visits in the last 12 months and, if so, whether they had received any support to quit smoking. Questions on smoking behavior included nicotine dependence, motivation to quit smoking and quit attempts in the last 12 months. The results are presented as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and as adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI based on logistic regression analyses.RESULTS Smokers with chronic respiratory disease, those aged 55 years and older, as well as those with one or more chronic diseases were more likely to receive smoking cessation advice from a healthcare professional. Making a quit attempt in the last year was related to younger age, high educational level, higher motivation to quit, lower nicotine dependence and having received advice to quit from a healthcare professional but not with having chronic diseases. There were significant differences between countries with smokers in Romania consistently reporting more support to quit as well as quit attempts.CONCLUSIONS Although smokers with respiratory disease did indeed receive smoking cessation support more often than smokers without disease, many smokers did not receive any advice or support to quit during a healthcare visit.
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| 4. |
- Pajevic, Ljubica
(author)
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Opportunistic Networking : Mobility Modeling and Content Distribution
- 2013
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We have witnessed two main trends in recent years that have shaped the current state of communication networks. First, the Internet was designed with the initial idea to provide remote access to resources in the network; today it is overwhelmingly being used for content distribution. In addition, the community of content creators has evolved from a small group of professionals into a global community where every user can generate his contents and share it with other users. Second, the proliferation of personal mobile devices, such as smartphones and media tablets, has altered the way people access, create and share information, leading to a significant migration from wired to wireless networks and raising user expectations for ubiquitous connectivity. These trends have incited research on new communication modes and in this thesis we consider a specific mode, namely opportunistic networking.Opportunistic networking is a communication paradigm that utilizes intermittent connectivity between mobile devices to enable communication in infrastructure-less environments, and to provide complementary transport mechanisms in wireless networks where infrastructure is present. The thesis focuses on two main topics: understanding and modeling human mobility, and opportunistic content distribution.Mobility modeling is one of the key issues in opportunistic networking research. First, we discuss the structure of human mobility and introduce a framework to study mobility at different behavioural levels. We propose a queuing model, denoted by meeting-point model, for pedestrian mobility in smaller urban areas, such as city squares, parks, shops or at bus stops. The model is also a contribution to the second topic we address in the thesis, since we will use it to study characteristics of content distribution in smaller areas. We envision this model as a building block in a library of analytical models that would be used to study the performance of pedestrian content distribution in common scenarios of urban mobility. Furthermore, we show how the proposed model can be used to build larger, more complex models. In the area of opportunistic content distribution, we apply both analytical and simulation-based evaluation. We empirically study the performance of epidemic content distribution by using real-life mobility traces and investigate the fitness of a homogeneous stochastic model to capture the epidemic process.In addition, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a mobile peer-to-peer system for opportunistic networking and discuss some promising application scenarios.
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