| 1. |
- Iacomussi, P, et al.
(author)
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Metrology of Road Surface for Smart Lighting
- 2017
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In: PROCEEDINGSOF THE LUX EUROPA 2017 European Lighting Conference. - Ljubljana. - 9789619373347 ; , s. 103-107
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The knowledge of the luminance coefficient q or of the reduced luminance coefficient r of road surface is an unavoidable requirement for designing road lighting installations able to assure adequate road luminance for visual conditions, energy consumption and traffic safety according to standard requirements. Unfortunately q available data refers to measurements made during the seventies with no traceability or measurement uncertainty. In the last 40 years the road surfaces pavements evolved as well the road lighting sources and luminaires. EMPIR project SURFACE will provide validated, optimised and reliable geometrical conditions for the measurement of q as well as reference data representative of current road pavements and future needs, as support of the European Standardisation process, CIE and European Metrology infrastructure.
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| 2. |
- Muzet, V, et al.
(author)
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Review of road surface photometry methods and devices – Proposal for new measurement geometries
- 2021
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In: Lighting Research and Technology. - : SAGE Publications Ltd STM. - 1477-1535 .- 1477-0938. ; 53:3, s. 213-229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Specifications concerning road lighting and photometry of road surfaces were established more than 50 years ago. Road lighting design and road marking visibility were developed for vehicle driving. The observation distance defined by standards corresponds to interurban applications; however, within Europe these areas do not tend to be lit. The objective of the SURFACE project is to propose new geometries for the photometric characterisation of pavements, both adapted to different urban travel modes and new lighting technologies. This article reviews the available guidelines, standards, measuring devices and literature regarding geometries and road lighting applications, and presents the project SURFACE analysis and proposal. The SURFACE consortium recommends adding several new angles for different driving conditions and road users; 2.29° for urban environments and consistency with road marking standard, and 1° for extra-urban environment and consistency with previous geometries. A 5° angle, corresponding to 17-m viewing distance, could be an interesting compromise, suitable for urban driving at low speed, cycling and for scooters. The angles of 10° and 20° are under consideration for describing the boundary between diffuse and specular behaviour.
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