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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2015
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2014
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Rugema, Lawrence
(author)
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Traumatic episodes related to the genocide period, mental health effects and perceived barriers to care facing young adults in Rwanda
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: To investigate mental health status in a Rwandan population aged 20-35 years, their associations with traumatic episodes experienced during the 1994 genocide and life time, and barriers to care as perceived by health professionals. Methods: The cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview tool to investigate prevalence of mental disorders and items from the Harvard Trauma questionnaire for traumatic episodes. The study was conducted during December 2011-January 2012 among 440 (48%) men and 477 (52%) women, residing in the Southern province of Rwanda. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with mental disorders. Six focus group discussions were further conducted with health care professionals to explore barriers to mental health care. Results: Women were to a higher extent exposed to traumatic episodes than men during their lifetime but in the genocide period men and women were equally exposed. Traumatic episodes were to a limited degree reported to take place also in the past three year period (2009-2011). Those exposed to traumatic episodes during the genocide were 17 years later at risk of having no children, being less educated and living in poorer circumstances as compared to those not directly exposed. The prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide risk was twice as high for women as for men. Traumatic episodes experienced in the genocide period and during lifetime were highly associated with current mental health status in both men and women. However, among women, exposure to current physical/sexual partner violence was as well strongly associated with all mental disorders under investigation, as was poverty for both men and women. Health care professionals perceived more barriers than facilitators to care. Poverty, poor family support, poor health literacy, gender norms and stigma negatively influenced mental health care seeking among men and women. Conclusions: The prevalence of mental disorders in men and women in Rwanda was comparatively high, and higher in women than in men. People with mental disorder in Rwanda face several barriers to appropriate care. Mental health should be integrated into primary care to improve accessibility and quality of care and number of professionals, i.e. psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health nurses needs to be raised. As long as traditional gender norms stigma and mental health illiteracy influence health care seeking behaviour, neither men nor women will receive appropriate care. Information, education and communication interventions are needed to address these issues.
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| 6. |
- Campbell, Ian, et al.
(author)
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The evolution of surface flow stripes and stratigraphic folds within Kamb Ice Stream : why don't they match?
- 2008
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In: Journal of Glaciology. - : International Glaciological Society. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 54:186, s. 421-427
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Flow stripes seen in satellite imagery of ice streams and ice shelves are caused by surface undulations with kilometer-scale spacing and meter-scale relief and generally indicate current or recent fast ice flow. On a similar scale, folding of internal ice stratigraphy depicted in cross-flow icepenetrating radar profiles is also a common occurrence in ice streams, suggesting a possible relationship between the two sets of features. We have traced surface flow stripes in RADARSAT and MODIS imagery on Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica, from the onset of streaming flow into the near-stagnant trunk. We compare the morphology and evolution of the surface flow stripes to the folds seen in the internal stratigraphy in cross-ice-stream radar profiles. We find essentially no correspondence in the observed locations or spacings between the radar internal layer folds at depths greater than 100 m and the flow stripes on the surface. The gap in the radar data and the surface mappings in the top 100m of firn prevents a precise depiction of how the flow stripes and fold patterns at depth diverge. We explore hypotheses about how flow stripes and internal stratigraphic folds can originate and evolve differently as ice flows downstream. We suggest that flow stripes are subject to surface processes that can modify their morphology independently of the internal stratigraphy, leading to changes in the pattern of flow stripes relative to the internal layers below.
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| 7. |
- Nalvarte, Ivan, et al.
(author)
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The expression and activity of thioredoxin reductase 1 splice variants v1 and v2 regulate the expression of genes associated with differentiation and adhesion
- 2015
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In: Bioscience Reports. - : PORTLAND PRESS LTD. - 0144-8463 .- 1573-4935. ; 35:e00269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mammalian redox-active selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) is a main player in redox homoeostasis. It transfers electrons from NADPH to a large variety of substrates, particularly to those containing redox-active cysteines. Previously, we reported that the classical form of cytosolic TrxR1 (TXNRD1_v1), when overexpressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293), prompted the cells to undergo differentiation [Nalvarte et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 54510-54517]. In the present study, we show that several genes associated with differentiation and adhesion are differentially expressed in HEK-293 cells stably overexpressing TXNRD1_v1 compared with cells expressing its splice variant TXNRD1_v2. Overexpression of these two splice forms resulted in distinctive effects on various aspects of cellular functions including gene regulation patterns, alteration of growth rate, migration and morphology and susceptibility to selenium-induced toxicity. Furthermore, differentiation of the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increased both TXNRD1_v1 and TXNRD1_v2 expressions along with several of the identified genes associated with differentiation and adhesion. Selenium supplementation in the SH-SY5Y cells also induced a differentiated morphology and changed expression of the adhesion protein fibronectin 1 and the differentiation marker cadherin 11, as well as different temporal expression of the studied TXNRD1 variants. These data suggest that both TXNRD1_v1 and TXNRD1_v2 have distinct roles in differentiation, possibly by altering the expression of the genes associated with differentiation, and further emphasize the importance in distinguishing each unique action of different TrxR1 splice forms, especially when studying the gene silencing or knockout of TrxR1.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Wang, Ping, et al.
(author)
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Indole as a new sustainable aromatic unit for high quality biopolyesters
- 2018
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In: Polymer Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1759-9954 .- 1759-9962. ; 9:38, s. 4706-4710
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this research was to use indole as a new sustainable aromatic unit for polyesters. A series of new polyesters were synthesised by the polycondensation of an indole-based dicarboxylate and five potentially bio-based diols. The new polyesters are amorphous, have superior thermal quality, and can form clear transparent films.
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