| 1. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study
- 2021
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In: Psychology & Health. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 36:1, s. 43-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day. Design: A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity. Main outcome measures: Core affects and physical activity. Results: Physical activity had positive within-day associations with pleasant-activated and pleasant-deactivated core affects and a negative within-day association with unpleasant-deactivated affective responses. There were, however, no statistically significant relations between core affects and physical activity across days. Conclusion: These results highlight that the measurement interval might be an important factor that influences the association between core affects and physical activity behaviors.
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| 2. |
- Jackson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Time-lapse characterization of hydrothermal seawater and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra at Surtsey volcano
- 2015
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In: Scientific Drilling. - Copernicus Publications on behalf of the IODP and the ICDP : Copernicus GmbH. - 1816-8957 .- 1816-3459. ; 20, s. 51-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project will drill through the 50-yearold edifice of Surtsey Volcano, the youngest of the Vestmannaeyjar Islands along the south coast of Iceland, to perform interdisciplinary time-lapse investigations of hydrothermal and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra. The volcano, created in 1963–1967 by submarine and subaerial basaltic eruptions, was first drilled in 1979. In October 2014, a workshop funded by the ICDP convened 24 scientists from 10 countries for 3 and a half days on Heimaey Island to develop scientific objectives, site the drill holes, and organize logistical support. Representatives of the Surtsey Research Society and Environment Agency of Iceland also participated. Scientific themes focus on further determinations of the structure and eruptive processes of the type locality of Surtseyan volcanism, descriptions of changes in fluid geochemistry and microbial colonization of the subterrestrial deposits since drilling 35 years ago, and monitoring the evolution of hydrothermal and biological processes within the tephra deposits far into the future through the installation of a Surtsey subsurface observatory. The tephra deposits provide a geologic analog for developing specialty concretes with pyroclastic rock and evaluating their long-term performance under diverse hydrothermal conditions.
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| 3. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Stirring the motivational soup: withinperson latent profiles of motivation in exercise
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 14:4, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Weman-Josefsson, Karin Anna, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Need satisfaction, Motivational regulations and Exercise: Moderation and mediation effects.
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 12:May
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Based on the Self-determination theory process model, this study aimed to explore relationships between the latent constructs of psychological need satisfaction, autonomous motivation and exercise behaviour; the mediational role of autonomous motivation in the association of psychological need satisfaction with exercise behaviour; as well as gender and age differences in the aforementioned associations. Methods Adult active members of an Internet-based exercise program (n=1091) between 18 and 78 years of age completed a test battery on motivational aspects based on Self-determination theory. The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 were used to measure need satisfaction and type of motivation and the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire to measure self-reported exercise. Results Need satisfaction predicted autonomous motivation, which in turn predicted exercise, especially for women. Autonomous motivation was found to mediate the association between need satisfaction and exercise. Age and gender moderated several of the paths in the model linking need satisfaction with motivation and exercise. Conclusion The results demonstrated gender and age differences in the proposed sequential mechanisms between autonomous motivation and exercise in the process model. This study thus highlights a potential value in considering moderating factors and the need to further examine the underlying mechanisms between needs, autonomous motivation, and exercise behaviour.
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| 5. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Considering moderators and mediators in self-determined motivation and exercise behaviour
- 2014
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In: Association for Applied Sport Psychology – 2014 Conference Proceedings & Program. - Indianapolis, IN : Association for Applied Sport Psychology. - 9780985531027 ; , s. 75-76
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to successfully enhance exercise motivation and behaviour change, it is of particular importance to explore and understand theoretical mechanisms underpinning exercise behaviours. Research based on adequate theory and using appropriate mediating variable analyses (MVA) could inform practice by identifying the active ingredients of successful exercise promotion intervention designs and distinguishing elements that could (or should) be excluded. Such an approach could not only promote cost-effectiveness, but also contribute to the understanding of sustainable behavior change and provide valuable practical implications for intervention design. This study aimed to examine the abovementioned mechanisms based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000). Adult active members of an Internet-based exercise program (n = 1,091) between 18 and 78 years of age completed a test battery including the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES); the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ). Data was analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM) and mediation analyses using bootstrapping resampling approach. Mplus version 7.1 was used to analyse the data with the maximum likelihood (ML) and robust maximum likelihood (MLM) estimators. Need satisfaction was found to predict self-determined motivation, which in turn predicted exercise, especially for women. Self-determined motivation mediated the association between need satisfaction and exercise, and these associations were moderated by gender and age. The results highlight the potential impact of considering moderating effects for a better understanding of how and for whom exercise interventions could influence behavioural outcomes. Future research would benefit practice by further exploration of underlying mechanisms in terms of mediating and moderating effects in order to be able to make adequate recommendations on how to tailor SDT intervention designs, e.g. by addressing age and gender issues.
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| 6. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a digital intervention program on motivational regulation patterns in an exercise context : A latent transition analysis of the “motivational soup”
- 2017
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In: Sport Psychology. - Sevilla : International Society of Sport Psychology. - 9788491482826 ; , s. 319-320
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the self-determination theory of motivation the concept “motivational soup” refers to motivational regulations forming profiles of accumulated drives towards behavior. Few studies have examined the probability of intervention effects to change such motivational profiles over time, knowledge that might inform future program design to promote sustainable exercise motivation. Participants (N=318) were 279 women and 40 men, aged 23-67 years (Mage=46.7; SD=9.4) consisting of adult members of a web-based step contest provided by their employers. Of the 166 individuals randomly assigned to the experimental group, 85 logged in to the digital intervention platform at least once and were considered treated as intended. This group had access to a web-based digital exercise motivation intervention based on SDT for three weeks. The trial had three measure points; T1 baseline, T2 (3 weeks) and a follow up T3 (6 weeks). To investigate the potential effect of the intervention on the odds of participants to change motivational profiles between T1 and T3 we used Latent Transition Analysis. The intervention had positive main effects on exercise level. A four profile solution showed good quality of classification into the separate profiles (entropy = .92). The profiles were labeled high-high (n=262), high-low (n=26), low-high (n=8), and low-low (n=12), where the label high reflected a more autonomous regulation pattern (missing n=10). Participants in the autonomous profile at T1 had high probabilities of remaining there at T3, but slightly lower probability in the control (82%) than the intervention (95%) condition. Participants in the control condition also had a statistically significant increased probability to belong to the profile with a decreased level autonomy T3 (high-low profile) (OR=4.0, p=.008).These results indicate that this digital exercise motivation intervention can increase the likelihood for participants to sustain autonomous motivation profiles over time.
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| 7. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Examining patterns of change in self-determined exercise motivation using latent growth curve models
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few previous studies have targeted how self-determined motivation changes within persons across shorter periods of time (e.g., weeks). Latent growth curve models allow study of within-person change and between-person differences in within-person change over time. The purpose of the study was to study within-person change and between-person differences in change in exercise and motivation in a sample of 2797 exercisers in a natural course of events (i.e. no intervention) over a period of eight weeks. Motivational variables related to self-determination theory were measured by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) and the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) was used to assess self-reported exercise level and intensity. The data was analyzed by latent growth curve models in Mplus. The results show significant increase in the average change (mean slope) of psychological need satisfaction whereas there was significant decrease in amotivation. Furthermore, the slopes of variance were significant for all variables except for autonomy, competence and intrinsic motivation, indicating a pattern of heterogeneity in terms of within-person change. No significant changes were detected in exercise level or intensity (METS). The results will be used as reference data in a future intervention study aiming to enhance self-determined exercise motivation in a comparable population.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Callac, Nolwenn, et al.
(author)
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Modes of carbon fixation in an arsenic and CO2-rich shallow hydrothermal ecosystem
- 2017
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The seafloor sediments of Spathi Bay, Milos Island, Greece, are part of the largest arsenic-CO2-rich shallow submarine hydrothermal ecosystem on Earth. Here, white and brown deposits cap chemically distinct sediments with varying hydrothermal influence. All sediments contain abundant genes for autotrophic carbon fixation used in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) and reverse tricaboxylic acid (rTCA) cycles. Both forms of RuBisCO, together with ATP citrate lyase genes in the rTCA cycle, increase with distance from the active hydrothermal centres and decrease with sediment depth. Clustering of RuBisCO Form II with a highly prevalent Zetaproteobacteria 16S rRNA gene density infers that iron-oxidizing bacteria contribute significantly to the sediment CBB cycle gene content. Three clusters form from different microbial guilds, each one encompassing one gene involved in CO2 fixation, aside from sulfate reduction. Our study suggests that the microbially mediated CBB cycle drives carbon fixation in the Spathi Bay sediments that are characterized by diffuse hydrothermal activity, high CO2, As emissions and chemically reduced fluids. This study highlights the breadth of conditions influencing the biogeochemistry in shallow CO2-rich hydrothermal systems and the importance of coupling highly specific process indicators to elucidate the complexity of carbon cycling in these ecosystems.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Diana, et al.
(author)
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Fossilized endolithic microorganisms in pillowlavas from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus
- 2019
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In: Geosciences. - Basel : MDPI. - 2076-3263. ; 9:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The last decade has revealed the igneous oceanic crust to host a more abundant and diverse biota than previously expected. These underexplored rock-hosted deep ecosystems dominated Earth’s biosphere prior to plants colonized land in the Ordovician, thus the fossil record of deep endoliths holds invaluable clues to early life and the work to decrypt them needs to be intensified. Here, we present fossilized microorganisms found in open and sealed pore spaces in pillow lavas from the Troodos Ophiolite (91 Ma) on Cyprus. A fungal interpretation is inferred upon the microorganisms based on characteristic morphological features. Geochemical conditions are reconstructed using data from mineralogy, fluid inclusions and the fossils themselves. Mineralogy indicates at least three hydrothermal events and a continuous increase of temperature and pH. Precipitation of 1) celadonite and saponite together with the microbial introduction was followed by 2) Na and Ca zeolites resulting in clay adherence on the microorganisms as protection, and finally 3) Ca carbonates resulted in final fossilization and preservation of the organisms in-situ. Deciphering the fossil record of the deep subseafloor biosphere is a challenging task, but when successful, can unlock doors to life’s cryptic past.
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