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- Laakso, S, et al.
(author)
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Testicular Function and Bone in Young Men with Severe Childhood-Onset Obesity
- 2018
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In: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 89:6, s. 442-449
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies suggest increased risk for hypoandrogenism and fractures in men with obesity. We aimed to describe the effects of severe childhood-onset obesity on the cross talk between metabolic state, testes, and skeleton at late puberty. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cohort of adolescent and young adult males with severe childhood-onset obesity (<i>n</i> = 21, mean age 18.5 years) and an age-matched control group were assessed for testicular hormones and X-ray absorptiometry-derived bone mass. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Current median body mass indexes for the obese and control subjects were 37.4 and 22.9. Severe early-onset obesity manifested with lower free testosterone (median [interquartile range] 244 [194–332] vs. 403 [293–463] pmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Lower insulin-like 3 (1.02 [0.82–1.23] vs. 1.22 [1.01–1.46] ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.045) and lower ratio of testosterone to luteinizing hormone (2.81 [1.96–3.98] vs. 4.10 [3.03–5.83] nmol/IU, <i>p</i> = 0.008) suggested disrupted Leydig cell function. The degree of current obesity inversely correlated with free testosterone (τ = –0.516, <i>p</i> = 0.003), which in turn correlated positively with bone area at all measurement sites in males with childhood-onset obesity. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Severe childhood-onset obesity is associated with impaired Leydig cell function in young men and lower free testosterone may contribute to impaired skeletal characteristics.
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| 2. |
- Bischof, P., et al.
(author)
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Implantation of the human embryo: Research lines and models
- 2006
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In: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 62:4, s. 206-216
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infertility is an increasing problem all over the world, and it has been estimated that 10 - 15% of couples in fertile age have fertility problems. Likewise induced unsafe abortion is a serious threat to women's health. Despite advances made in assisted reproduction techniques, little progress has been made in increasing the success rate during fertility treatment. This document describes a wide range of projects carried out to increase the understanding in the field of embryo implantation research. The 'Fruitful' research network was created to encourage collaborations within the consortium and to describe our different research potentials to granting agencies or private sponsors. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 3. |
- Bischof, P, et al.
(author)
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Implantation of the human embryo: research lines and models. From the implantation research network 'Fruitful'.
- 2006
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In: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 62:4, s. 206-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infertility is an increasing problem all over the world, and it has been estimated that 10-15% of couples in fertile age have fertility problems. Likewise induced unsafe abortion is a serious threat to women's health. Despite advances made in assisted reproduction techniques, little progress has been made in increasing the success rate during fertility treatment. This document describes a wide range of projects carried out to increase the understanding in the field of embryo implantation research. The 'Fruitful' research network was created to encourage collaborations within the consortium and to describe our different research potentials to granting agencies or private sponsors.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Demeneix, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Thresholds and Endocrine Disruptors : An Endocrine Society Policy Perspective
- 2020
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In: Journal of the Endocrine Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 2472-1972. ; 4:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concept of a threshold of adversity in toxicology is neither provable nor disprovable. As such, it is not a scientific question but a theoretical one. Yet, the belief in thresholds has led to traditional ways of interpreting data derived from regulatory guideline studies of the toxicity of chemicals. This includes, for example, the use of standard "uncertainty factors" when a "No Adverse Effect Level" (or similar "benchmark dose") is either observed, or not observed. In the context of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), this approach is demonstrably inappropriate. First, the efficacy of a hormone on different endpoints can vary by several orders of magnitude. This feature of hormone action also applies to EDCs that can interfere with that hormone. For this reason, we argue that the choice of endpoint for use in regulation is critical, but note that guideline studies were not designed with this in mind. Second, the biological events controlled by hormones in development not only change as development proceeds but are different from events controlled by hormones in the adult. Again, guideline endpoints were also not designed with this in mind, especially since the events controlled by hormones can be both temporally and spatially specific. The Endocrine Society has laid out this logic over several years and in several publications. Rather than being extreme views, they represent what is known about hormones and the chemicals that can interfere with them.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Slama, Rémy, et al.
(author)
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Scientific Issues Relevant to Setting Regulatory Criteria to Identify Endocrine-Disrupting Substances in the European Union
- 2016
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In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : National Institute of Environmental Health Science. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 124:10, s. 1497-1503
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as exogenous compounds or mixtures that alter function(s) of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects in an intact organism, or its progeny, or (sub)populations. European regulations on pesticides, biocides, cosmetics, and industrial chemicals require the European Commission to establish scientific criteria to define EDs.OBJECTIVES: We address the scientific relevance of four options for the identification of EDs proposed by the European Commission.DISCUSSION: Option 1, which does not define EDs and leads to using interim criteria unrelated to the WHO definition of EDs, is not relevant. Options 2 and 3 rely on the WHO definition of EDs, which is widely accepted by the scientific community, with option 3 introducing additional categories based on the strength of evidence (suspected EDs and endocrine-active substances). Option 4 adds potency to the WHO definition, as a decision criterion. We argue that potency is dependent on the adverse effect considered and is scientifically ambiguous, and note that potency is not used as a criterion to define other particularly hazardous substances such as carcinogens and reproductive toxicants. The use of potency requires a context that goes beyond hazard identification and corresponds to risk characterization, in which potency (or, more relevantly, the dose-response function) is combined with exposure levels.CONCLUSIONS: There is scientific agreement regarding the adequacy of the WHO definition of EDs. The potency concept is not relevant to the identification of particularly serious hazards such as EDs. As is common practice for carcinogens, mutagens, and reproductive toxicants, a multi-level classification of ED based on the WHO definition, and not considering potency, would be relevant (corresponding to option 3 proposed by the European Commission).
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