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- Bengtsson Ryberg, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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The Effects of Wind Power on Human Interests : A Synthesis
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- PrefaceThere is a great need for knowledge concerning the impacts of wind power on humans, landscapes, the marine environment, birds, bats and other mammals.Previous studies of these environmental impacts have lacked an overall view of the effects. This has led to deficiencies in the processes surrounding the establishment of new wind farms. Vindval is a knowledge programme undertaken as a collaboration between the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Its aim is to gather and communicate scientific knowledge about the impacts of wind power on people and the natural environment. The programme continues until 2013.Vindval comprises some 30 individual research projects, together with four synthesis projects. Syntheses are prepared by experts, who compile and assess overall research results and experience regarding the effects of wind power in four different areas – humans, birds/bats, marine life and terrestrial mammals.The results of this research and synthesis work will provide a basis for environmental impact assessments and for the planning and permitting processes associated with wind power installations. Vindval requires high standards in the review and approval of research proposals, in order to ensure high-quality reports. The same high standards apply to the reporting, approval and publication of research results from the projects.This report was written by Johanna Bengtsson Ryberg, Gösta Bluhm, Karl Bolin, Bosse Bodén, Kristina Ek, Karin Hammarlund, Marianne Henningsson, Inga-Lena Hannukka, Carina Johansson, Sofia Jönsson, Sanna Mels, Tom Mels, Mats Nilsson, Erik Skärbäck, Patrik Söderholm, Åsa Waldo, Ingegärd Widerström, Niklas Åkerman.This report is a translation of the previous report in Swedish “Vindkraftens påverkan på människors intressen” (Naturvårdsverket report no 6497). Translated by Sofia Jönsson.The contents of the report are the responsibility of the authors.
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- Berggren, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic Spectrum Access, Phase 1 Scenarios and research challenges
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The currently used mechanisms for spectrum management are a contributing factor to the long lead times from innovation to market in wireless technologies andsystems. This has in turn been a major contributing factor to the dominance of the large telecom companies in the European and World markets, whereas very few innovative enterprises have exhibited consistent growth, although the technicalcompetence in Sweden is very high in this area. Alternative spectrum management regimes, such as the introduction of "unlicensed bands" have proven very effective in lowering entry thresholds for smaller companies (e.g the WLAN business). In addition, experts claim that the spectrum requirements for communication purposes will increase by as much as 200-300 % up to 2010. At the same time the actual usage of the electromagnetic spectrum is very inefficient.The project aims at studying new more, flexible, spectrum allocation regimeswhich, in combination with new technologies, such as multi-radio access, novelbroadband access techniques, software defined radio and spatial techniques (e.g.smart antennas, multi-hop schemes) have the potential of lowering the entry thresholds for new actors and provide radical improvement to the efficiency ofspectrum usage. Further the aim is to investigate the economic and regulatory consequences of such Dynamic Spectrum Access technologies and managementregimes. The results will provide input to future policies in spectrum management. The project has been divided into a first, pre-study phase and a second, research phase. The first phase was launched in Dec of 2004 and the second phase is planned to start in Jan 2005. The first phase of the project, reported here, has the aim toprovide a qualitative assessment of the potential benefits of dynamic spectrum access regimes. The analysis in the report and other studies in the area, indeed indicate there is a potential to both lower the entry thresholds for new actors as well as provide radical improvement to the efficiency of spectrum usage. The area isdefinitely of significant issues and the project should be continued studying the DSA concepts in more detail.Further, using a systematic procedure, a number of critical areas and bottleneck problems were identified. Our conclusion is that more research is needed in theseareas to achieve the above mentioned benefits. As `side effect' in this procedure, a number of novel and interesting spectrum management concepts were derived, e.g.the `real-time spectrum trading' and `use rights' concepts. Out of this gross list ofinterest problems, a number of highly important problems were selected, matching the competence of the project team. These problems are proposed to be the focus ofthe next phase in the project.Finally, the report provides an overview of the most important ongoing research and policy-making activities in the DSA-area.
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| 7. |
- Dahlström, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Long-term dynamics of large woody debris in a managed boreal forest stream.
- 2005
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 210:1-3, s. 363-373
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Little is known about how past forest management in Sweden influenced the quantity and quality of large woody debris (LWD) in streams. The present study provides information of the long-term dynamics of LWD in a reach of a boreal stream intersecting a managed forest. Dendrochronological methods were used to reconstruct mortality years of the pieces of LWD and the general history of fire and cuttings of the surrounding riparian forest. Today, spruce dominates among the living trees, whereas the LWD is dominated by birch in the forest and by pine in the stream. Fire frequency prior to active fire suppression was similar to values reported from boreal forests. Pine trees were more abundant in the riparian forest before selective logging operations and active fire suppression began in the 1800s. Many of the pieces of LWD found in the stream today died more than 200 years ago and derived from a cohort of pines that generated in the early 1600s. Pine LWD in stream channels is highly resistant to decomposition and can reside for more than 300 years. A substantial amount of the LWD found today in managed forest streams in boreal Sweden most likely derives from the time before extensive human influence and is likely to decrease further in the future. Management of riparian forests to ascertain future supply of long-lived LWD in streams should target to increase the proportion of pine trees.
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| 8. |
- Ekman, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Cost effectiveness of bisoprolol in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure in Sweden : Analysis using data from the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II trial
- 2001
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In: PharmacoEconomics. - : Springer. - 1179-2027 .- 1170-7690. ; 19:9, s. 901-916
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the cost effectiveness of adding the P-blocker bisoprolol to standard treatment in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Design and setting: A cost-effectiveness study was based on the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II), a randomised clinical trial investigating the efficacy of adding bisoprolol to standard therapy of CHF. The cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out from a societal perspective, Methods: Health effects were measured in terms of years of life gained. On the cost side, treatment costs for pharmaceuticals and hospitalisations were included. Data on healthcare resource consumption from CIBIS-II were used and were combined with average Swedish retail prices for medicines, and average costs for hospitalisations based on hospital admissions, in the base case. The costs of added years of life, i.e. consumption net of production during life-years gained were also included. Results: If costs of added years of life were not included, then bisoprolol therapy increased life expectancy at an incremental cost of Swedish kronor (SEK) 13 094 (1999 values) per year of life gained. If costs of added years of life were included, then the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of bisoprolol therapy was SEK168 858 per year of life gained. Conclusions: For patients with CHF with the characteristics of those in CIBIS-II, the cost effectiveness of bisoprolol therapy compares favourably with that of other cardiovascular therapies.
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- Escamez, Sacha, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Genetic markers and tree properties predicting wood biorefining potential in aspen (Populus tremula) bioenergy feedstock
- 2023
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In: Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 2731-3654. ; 16:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Wood represents the majority of the biomass on land and constitutes a renewable source of biofuels and other bioproducts. However, wood is recalcitrant to bioconversion, raising a need for feedstock improvement in production of, for instance, biofuels. We investigated the properties of wood that affect bioconversion, as well as the underlying genetics, to help identify superior tree feedstocks for biorefining. Results: We recorded 65 wood-related and growth traits in a population of 113 natural aspen genotypes from Sweden (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hrd). These traits included three growth and field performance traits, 20 traits for wood chemical composition, 17 traits for wood anatomy and structure, and 25 wood saccharification traits as indicators of bioconversion potential. Glucose release after saccharification with acidic pretreatment correlated positively with tree stem height and diameter and the carbohydrate content of the wood, and negatively with the content of lignin and the hemicellulose sugar units. Most of these traits displayed extensive natural variation within the aspen population and high broad-sense heritability, supporting their potential in genetic improvement of feedstocks towards improved bioconversion. Finally, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 13 genetic loci for saccharification yield (on a whole-tree-biomass basis), with six of them intersecting with associations for either height or stem diameter of the trees. Conclusions: The simple growth traits of stem height and diameter were identified as good predictors of wood saccharification yield in aspen trees. GWAS elucidated the underlying genetics, revealing putative genetic markers for bioconversion of bioenergy tree feedstocks. © 2023, The Author(s).
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