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- Sepanlou, Sadaf G., et al.
(author)
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The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2020
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In: The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - 2468-1253. ; 5:3, s. 245-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (collectively referred to as cirrhosis in this paper) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, although the burden and underlying causes differ across locations and demographic groups. We report on results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 on the burden of cirrhosis and its trends since 1990, by cause, sex, and age, for 195 countries and territories. Methods We used data from vital registrations, vital registration samples, and verbal autopsies to estimate mortality. We modelled prevalence of total, compensated, and decompensated cirrhosis on the basis of hospital and claims data. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability. Estimates are presented as numbers and age-standardised or age-specific rates per 100 000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). All estimates are presented for five causes of cirrhosis: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other causes. We compared mortality, prevalence, and DALY estimates with those expected according to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) as a proxy for the development status of regions and countries. Findings In 2017, cirrhosis caused more than 1.32 million (95% UI 1.27-1.45) deaths (440000 [416 000-518 000; 33.3%] in females and 883 000 [838 000-967 000; 66.7%] in males) globally, compared with less than 899 000 (829 000-948 000) deaths in 1990. Deaths due to cirrhosis constituted 2.4% (2.3-2.6) of total deaths globally in 2017 compared with 1.9% (1.8-2.0) in 1990. Despite an increase in the number of deaths, the age-standardised death rate decreased from 21.0 (19.2-22.3) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 16.5 (15.8-18-1) per 100 000 population in 2017. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardised death rate among GBD super-regions for all years of the study period (32.2 [25.8-38.6] deaths per 100 000 population in 2017), and the high-income super-region had the lowest (10.1 [9.8-10-5] deaths per 100 000 population in 2017). The age-standardised death rate decreased or remained constant from 1990 to 2017 in all GBD regions except eastern Europe and central Asia, where the age-standardised death rate increased, primarily due to increases in alcohol-related liver disease prevalence. At the national level, the age-standardised death rate of cirrhosis was lowest in Singapore in 2017 (3.7 [3.3-4.0] per 100 000 in 2017) and highest in Egypt in all years since 1990 (103.3 [64.4-133.4] per 100 000 in 2017). There were 10.6 million (10.3-10.9) prevalent cases of decompensated cirrhosis and 112 million (107-119) prevalent cases of compensated cirrhosis globally in 2017. There was a significant increase in age-standardised prevalence rate of decompensated cirrhosis between 1990 and 2017. Cirrhosis caused by NASH had a steady age-standardised death rate throughout the study period, whereas the other four causes showed declines in age-standardised death rate. The age-standardised prevalence of compensated and decompensated cirrhosis due to NASH increased more than for any other cause of cirrhosis (by 33.2% for compensated cirrhosis and 54.8% for decompensated cirrhosis) over the study period. From 1990 to 2017, the number of prevalent cases snore than doubled for compensated cirrhosis due to NASH and more than tripled for decompensated cirrhosis due to NASH. In 2017, age-standardised death and DALY rates were lower among countries and territories with higher SDI. Interpretation Cirrhosis imposes a substantial health burden on many countries and this burden has increased at the global level since 1990, partly due to population growth and ageing. Although the age-standardised death and DALY rates of cirrhosis decreased from 1990 to 2017, numbers of deaths and DALYs and the proportion of all global deaths due to cirrhosis increased. Despite the availability of effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and C, they were still the main causes of cirrhosis burden worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. The impact of hepatitis B and C is expected to be attenuated and overtaken by that of NASH in the near future. Cost-effective interventions are required to continue the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis, and to achieve early diagnosis and prevention of cirrhosis due to alcohol-related liver disease and NASH.
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| 2. |
- Soleimani, Hamed, et al.
(author)
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Fuzzy Multi-Objective Sustainable and Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design
- 2017
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In: Computers & industrial engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0360-8352 .- 1879-0550. ; 109, s. 191-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article addresses a design problem of a closed loop supply chain, including suppliers, manufacturers, distribution centers, customers, warehouse centers, return centers, and recycling centers. The problem entails three choices regarding recycling, namely, product recycling, and components recycling raw material recycling. Modeling this chain is carried out by accounting for environmental considerations, total profit optimization, and reduction of lost working days due to occupational accidents, we well as maximizing responsiveness to customer demand. In order to solve the model, genetic algorithm has been used and multiple scenarios with different aspects have been studied. Solving this model provides decisions regarding opening or closing of each of the components of the network and the optimal product flow among them. The results prove the feasibility of the presented model and the applicability of the developed solution methodology.
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| 3. |
- Berndt, Adele, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Mobilapplikationer inom dagligvaruhandeln Konsumtionens medialisering genom nya digitala tjänster
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Projektet “Medialiserad shopping” utforskar den växande andelen digitala element inom detaljhandeln, samt hur nya tekniska verktyg förändrar shopping som vardagsrutin och kundupplevelse. Materialet belyser hur kunderna upplever den nya teknikens roll och visar samtidigt på de driv krafter som ligger bakom digital innovation bland detaljhandlare. Rapporten sammanfattar det arbete som utförts inom projektet och tar upp frågor kring utvecklingen och användningen av digitala medier inom omnikanalhandeln. Under 2015–2016 genomförde forskare vid Jönköping University och Göteborgs universitet en serie studier av matvarubutikernas omnikanalmiljö i vilka kunder och andra intressenter deltog. En rad olika metoder för datainsamling användes, till exempel enkäter som besvarades av cirka 500 kunder, djupintervjuer och deltagande observationer av konsumenter, kunddagböcker och fler än 150 videoobservationer. • Kvantitativa data visar på ett växande antal användare av shoppingappar, men att användningsgraden ökar långsammare än förväntat. • Appanvändning och besöksfrekvens går hand i hand, vilket kan tolkas som att appanvändarna är mer butikslojala än genomsnittskunden. • Vidare ser inte kunderna appen som ett sammanhållet teknologiskt servicepaket, utan väljer ut de funktioner som motsvarar deras specifika behov och struntar i resten. • Än så länge har introduktionen av den nya tekniken inte förändrat beteendemönstren i någon större utsträckning. Funktionerna är normalt sett utformade så att de härmar redan existerande verktyg och kundvanor. I den mån kunderna använder mobila enheter i butiken handlar detta enbart om att ersätta gammal teknik, som till exempel papper och penna för att hålla reda på inköpslistan eller handenheten vid självskanning. • Kvalitativa data insamlade genom intervjuer med, observationer av och dagböcker skrivna av konsumenter visar att mobiltelefonen uppfyller en rad emotionella och praktiska funktioner under shoppingen, men att detaljhandlarna inte alls har tagit fasta på de emotionella aspekterna. • När det gäller detaljhandlarna beskriver rapporten tre huvudsakliga drivkrafter som påverkar apputvecklingen: i) handlarnas uppfattning av konkurrensmiljön, ii) utvecklingen av kunders köpbeteenden, samt iii) organisatoriska begränsningar, det vill säga i vilken utsträckning organisationens försörjningskedjor och distributions- strukturer tillåter att handlaren skapar nya tjänster baserat på mobil teknik.
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| 5. |
- Engelseth, Per, et al.
(author)
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Marketing Complex Product Designs in the Contemporary Value Chain
- 2018
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In: International journal of value chain management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-5357 .- 1741-5365. ; 9:4, s. 311-329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Theory on supply postponement and speculation has gained widespread use in industry to mitigate risk and improve customer value. We suggest alternative conceptualisation of product customisation focusing in the emergent properties of production in a value chain context. Based on the transvection model, servitisation theory, contingency theory focusing on interdependencies and complexity, we discuss how a variety of goods, information and service deliverables may be timed in relation to each other to customise in relation to customer value objectives. Through a single case study of retail distribution practices, an alternative modelling of supply timing is empirically grounded. The ‘supply palette model’ is introduced based on a fundamental view on products as technically fragmented entities, as well as the fact that production includes product design as emergent through complex supplier-customer interaction. This model serves as a marketing tool founded inoperations practices by exposing the complexity of deliverables provided to customers associated with operational decision-making events. This study also exposes how marketing and supply chain management necessarily are, when supplying postponed products, integrated business functions.
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| 8. |
- Eslami, Mohammad H., 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Financial performance and supply chain dynamic capabilities : the Moderating Role of Industry 4.0 technologies
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Industry 4.0 digital technologies are becoming indispensable for firms striving to enhance their supply chain capabilities and financial performance, but how these relationships play out in practice remains unclear. To address this issue, this study assesses the relationship between supply chain integration, supply chain agility, and financial performance from a dynamic capability perspective. Further analyses are conducted to establish whether Industry 4.0 digital technologies moderate the association between (a) supply chain integration and supply chain agility and (b) supply chain agility and financial performance. Findings based on the data pertaining to a sample of 274 Swedish manufacturing firms indicate that supply chain agility fully mediates the link between supply chain integration and financial performance. However, while Industry 4.0 digital technologies strengthen the effect of supply chain agility on financial performance, they do not moderate the relationship between supply chain integration and supply chain agility. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate regarding how digital technologies play a role in achieving competitive advantage in interplay with dynamic capabilities related to the supply chain. These findings are relevant for decision-makers, as they address the need for organisational adjustments beyond the mere introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies to fully reap their benefits.
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