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- Gustafsson, A. M., et al.
(author)
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Low levels of anti-secretory factor in placenta are associated with preterm birth and inflammation
- 2018
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In: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 97:3, s. 349-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionAnti-secretory factor is a protein that regulates secretory and inflammatory processes and preterm birth is associated with inflammation. Therefore, our hypothesis was that anti-secretory factor might play a role in immune reactivity and homeostasis during pregnancy. Material and methodsFollowing spontaneous onset of labor and preterm or term delivery, placenta biopsies were collected. The levels of anti-secretory factor and markers of inflammation (CD68, CD163) and vascularization (CD34, smooth muscle actin) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe 61 placental biopsies included 31 preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) and 30 term (37-41 weeks) samples. The preterm placentas exhibited lower levels of anti-secretory factor (p = 0.008) and larger numbers of CD68-positive cells (p < 0.001) compared to term. Preterm placentas had blood vessel of smaller diameter (p = 0.036) indicative of immaturity. The level of interleukin-6 in cord blood was higher after very preterm than term birth, suggesting a fetal inflammatory response. The placenta level of anti-secretory factor was positively correlated to the length of gestation (p = 0.025) and negatively correlated to the levels of the inflammatory markers CD68 (p = 0.015) and CD163 (p = 0.028). ConclusionsPreterm delivery is associated with low levels of anti-secretory factor in placenta. Inflammation, a potential trigger of preterm birth, is more pronounced in the preterm placenta and inversely related to the placental level of anti-secretory factor, suggesting both a link and a potential target for intervention.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Y, et al.
(author)
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Increase in insulin-like growth factor I in hypertrophying smooth muscle
- 1994
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In: American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. - 1522-1555. ; 266:2 Pt 1, s. 224-229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study focuses on the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the development of smooth muscle hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was initiated by partial ligation of portal vein or urethra in female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 220 g. Levels of mRNA were analyzed by solution hybridization. Seven days after ligation, the wet weight of the portal vein was increased about threefold and the concentration of IGF-I mRNA was increased fourfold. The bladder wet weight was increased twofold 3 days after ligation and fourfold 10 days after ligation. IGF-I mRNA in the bladder was elevated 3-fold after 3 days and 2.5-fold after 10 days, whereas IGF binding protein 2 mRNA was increased approximately 2-fold after 3 days and 5-fold after 10 days. IGF-I receptor mRNA in the hypertrophying bladder remained unchanged. Increased levels of IGF-I were demonstrated with immunohistochemistry in both hypertrophying portal vein and urinary bladder. The results show a specific increase in IGF-I mRNA as well as an increased IGF-I immunoreactivity during hypertrophy of smooth muscle, which suggests that the local IGF-system may play a role in smooth muscle hypertrophy.
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| 3. |
- Gunnarsson, H, et al.
(author)
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Heterogeneity of colon cancer patients reported as emergencies
- 2014
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In: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 38:7, s. 1819-1826
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Up to one-fourth of all colon cancer patients are reported as emergencies, and the aim of the present study was to scrutinize mode of presentation in this group.MATERIALS AND METHODS:All reported cases of emergency (n = 263) and randomly selected elective controls (1:2) of colon cancer in four Swedish counties 2006-2008 were eligible (n = 854). Symptoms and aspects of management were retrieved from surgery and primary care records. Outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression.RESULTS:Among patients reported as emergencies, 158/263 (60 %) underwent operation within three days (acute), and 105 (40 %) after more than 3 days (subacute). In the latter group, 20/94 (21 %) had reported two symptoms, and 31/94 (33 %) had reported three or more symptoms associated with colon cancer to primary care during the last 12 months prior to surgery. In total, 46/105 (44 %) had already had an examination of the large bowel, and 52/105 (50 %) were stage IV, as opposed to 36/158 (23 %) in the acute group and 83/577 (15 %) in the elective group (p < 0.001). Mortality at 30 and 90 days was 15.2 and 35.6 % in the subacute group, 8.2 and 14.9 % in the acute group (p = 0.001), and 1.9 and 4.3 % in the elective group (p < 0.001); 5-year survival was 28.3, 40.1, and 57.8 %, respectively, in the three groups (p < 0.001). The hazard ratio, adjusted for age, sex, and stage, was 1.88 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5-2.4) for the acute group and 2.29 (95 % CI 1.7-3.1) for the subacute group.CONCLUSIONS:Colon cancer patients reported as emergencies but operated upon more than three days after admission had the worst outcome. Efforts to decrease the interval between admission and surgery is one important aspect of care, but wider attention must also be paid to this group of patients.
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| 4. |
- Lange, Stefan, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Food-induced antisecretory factor activity is correlated with small bowel length in patients with intestinal resections.
- 2003
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In: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641. ; 111:10, s. 985-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Specially processed cereals (SPC) can increase antisecretory factor (AF) activity in humans with an intact intestine. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether AF synthesis could be induced in patients who had been subjected to intestinal resections. Eight patients with varying extents of intestinal resections due to Crohn's disease and six healthy controls participated. All subjects received 54 g SPC daily for 2 weeks. Plasma AF activity was determined before, during and after the treatment period. Baseline diet and medications were kept unchanged. The patients registered the daily number of bowel movements. The SPC diet increased AF activity in all controls. In the patients there was a significant correlation between the length of the remaining small intestine and AF induction (r=0.94, p<0.01) and only those patients with a remaining small intestine of about 3 m reached AF values comparable to those in healthy subjects. It is concluded that small bowel length is related to the ability of humans to induce AF activity by dietary means.
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| 7. |
- Sjöholm, Kajsa, 1971, et al.
(author)
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The expression of inhibin beta B is high in human adipocytes, reduced by weight loss, and correlates to factors implicated in metabolic disease.
- 2006
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In: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X. ; 344:4, s. 1308-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces and secretes adipokines. The aim of this study was to identify genes predominantly expressed in human subcutaneous adipocytes. For this purpose, an algorithm was developed and DNA microarray expression profiles from 33 human tissues and cell types were used to select genes. Inhibin beta B (INHBB; coding for the activin betaB subunit) was identified and high expression in adipocytes was confirmed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. INHBB expression in adipose tissue was down regulated by diet-induced weight loss (p<0.001). Furthermore, INHBB expression was positively correlated to total (p<0.001) and subcutaneous (p<0.01) adipose tissue areas and serum levels of fasting insulin (p<0.01) and cholesterol (p<0.05). In conclusion, INHBB expression was high in human adipocytes, reduced by weight loss and adipose tissue INHBB mRNA levels correlated to metabolic risk factors. This suggests that activin B produced in adipocytes may play a role in the metabolic syndrome.
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| 8. |
- Zaman, S., et al.
(author)
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Antisecretory factor effectively and safely stops childhood diarrhoea: a placebo-controlled, randomised study
- 2014
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 103:6, s. 659-664
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimWe studied the response to high doses of egg yolk containing antisecretory factor (B221((R)), Salovum((R))) in young children with acute diarrhoea, presenting to the Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. MethodsIn a randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 36 children aged 7 to 60months with acute diarrhoea of unknown aetiology, with mild-to-moderate dehydration, were randomised to the Salovum((R)) or placebo groups. Initially, 16 grams of Salovum((R)) or ordinary egg yolk (placebo) mixed in oral rehydration salts was given, followed by 8g every 5h until recovery. The number and consistency of stools were recorded. ResultsThe two groups were comparable in age, gender, duration of diarrhoea, hydration and nutritional status, although the proportion with watery stools was higher in the Salovum((R)) group (p=0.04). Reduction in the frequency of stools was seen at 7 versus 18h (p<0.0001) and normalising of stool consistency was 10 versus 18h, p<0.03) in the Salovum((R)) and placebo groups. The overall effect was 35 versus 70h in the two groups (p=0.001). No side effects were reported. ConclusionHigh doses of AF in the form of Salovum((R)) effectively and safely reduce childhood diarrhoea of a likely broad aetiology.
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