| 1. |
- Jensen, J.A.D., et al.
(author)
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Acoustic streaming enhanced electrodeposition of nickel
- 2003
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In: Chemical Physics Letters. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 368:5-6, s. 732-737
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical deposition of Ni from a Watts-type electrolyte under the influence of high frequency ultrasound at both high (250 W) and low (5-10 W) power sonication was investigated. An improvement in the material distribution of the deposited Ni in millimeter-sized groove-features on the cathode surface was observed. A theory based on mechanical interaction between organic additives adhering to the cathode surface and ultrasonically induced streaming-phenomena is presented here to account for the observed uniform filling behaviour. The present study further indicates a correlation between fringe-patterns on the surface of the deposit and near-boundary acoustic streaming. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Jensen, J.A.D., et al.
(author)
-
Electrochemical deposition of buried contacts in high-efficiency crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells
- 2003
-
In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 150:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article reports on a newly developed method for electrochemical deposition of buried Cu contacts in Si-based photovoltaic (PV) cells. Contact grooves, 20 µm wide by 40 µm deep, were laser-cut into Si PV cells, hereafter applied with a thin electroless NiP base and subsequently filled with Cu by electrochemical deposition at a rate of up to 10 µm per min. With the newly developed process, void-free, superconformal Cu-filling of the laser-cut grooves was observed by scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam techniques. The Cu microstructure in grooves showed both bottom and sidewall texture, with a grain-size decreasing from the center to the edges of the buried Cu contacts and a pronounced lateral growth outside the laser-cut grooves. The measured specific contact resistances of the buried contacts was better than the production standard. Overall performance of the new PV cells was equal to the production standard with measured efficiencies up to 16.9%.
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| 3. |
- Jensen, J.A.D., et al.
(author)
-
Electrochemically deposited nickel membranes, process-microstructure-property relationships
- 2003
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 172:1, s. 79-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on the manufacturing, surface morphology, internal structure and mechanical properties of Ni-foils used as membranes in reference-microphones. Two types of foils, referred to as S-type and 0-type foils, were electrochemically deposited from a Watts-type electrolyte, with (S-type) or without (0-type) the use of the sulfur-containing additive sodium saccharin. Both types of Ni-foils appeared perfectly smooth when investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed differences in the surface morphologies and a smaller grain-size in the S-type foils. X-Ray diffraction showed a <311> texture component in both types of Ni-foils, most pronounced for 0-type foils. A minor <111> texture component observed in both foil types was strongest in the S-type foils. Mechanically 0-type foils proved more ductile than S-type foils during thin film tensile testing, due to microstructural defects caused by sodium saccharin during deposition. Tensile strengths in the order of 700-1000 MPa were observed - highest for the more ductile 0-type foils. A hardness in the order of 6 GPa (590 HV) was found by nanoindentation. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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