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1.
  • De Angeli, M., et al. (author)
  • Cross machine investigation of magnetic tokamak dust : Morphological and elemental analysis
  • 2021
  • In: Fusion engineering and design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 166
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The presence of magnetic dust can be an important issue for future fusion reactors where plasma breakdown is critical. Magnetic dust has been collected from contemporary fusion devices (FTU, Alcator C-Mod, COMPASS and DIII-D) that feature different plasma facing components. The results of morphological and elemental analysis are presented. Magnetic dust is based on steel or nickel alloys and its magnetism is generated by intense plasma material interactions. In spite of the strong similarities in terms of morphology and composition, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed differences in the structural evolution that leads to non-trivial magnetic responses.
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2.
  • De Angeli, M., et al. (author)
  • Cross machine investigation of magnetic tokamak dust; structural and magnetic analysis
  • 2021
  • In: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1791. ; 28
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Magnetic dust collected from multiple fusion devices (FTU, Alcator C-Mod, COMPASS) that feature different plasma-facing components (PFCs) and toroidal magnetic fields has been analyzed by means of the X-ray diffraction technique aiming to investigate the nature and origin of dust magnetism. Analysis led to the conclusion that the main mechanism of ferromagnetic dust formation is the change of iron crystalline phase from austenitic to ferritic during the re-solidification of stainless steel droplets. Analysis also revealed differences in the collected dust structure and an unexpectedly high amount of stainless steel based dust in its native austenitic phase. Theoretical estimates showed that the magnetic moment force can also mobilize strongly paramagnetic adhered dust prior to the establishment of proper tokamak discharges. The post-mortem analysis of dust collected during pure magnetic discharges in FTU confirmed these estimates.
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3.
  • Weckmann, Armin, et al. (author)
  • 3D deposition patterns of deuterium retention and impurities in the COMPASS divertor : a data-driven root cause analysis and prediction approach
  • 2022
  • In: Fusion engineering and design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 179
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Divertor tiles from the COMPASS tokamak have been examined with ion beam analysis for the determination of deuterium retention and co-deposits. A novel approach was used to draw 2D deuterium retention maps at different depths and correlated to the concentrations of other elements: boron, carbon, oxygen and metals. This approach, which employs all three spatial dimensions, revealed that the deuterium retention pattern is not toroidally symmetric at different depths while the overall deuterium pattern is toroidally symmetric. Analysis of visible-light camera records disclosed that parts of the divertor were not wetted by plasma. The radial profile of deuterium in both wetted and non-wetted ( "shadowed ") divertor regions was compared to strike point positions, angle of incidence, electron temperature T-e, parallel heat flux Q(par) and ion saturation current Isat in order to find the influence of these parameters on deuterium retention. There are certain series of consecutive shots for which correlations between deuterium retention and separate plasma parameters (T-e, I-sat, Q(par)) are high. Combining the three parameters in a linear model or a power law model enabled reconstruction of the radial deuterium retention pattern. After fitting the model to one third of the data points, the deuterium retention for shadowed tiles was reproduced at the other two thirds of the data points within 20% deviation. This study shows the need for detailed tile analysis in three dimensions, the great benefits of broad statistical analysis in solving challenges in fusion, and motivates the investigation of COMPASS tiles after dismantling.
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