| 1. |
- Grigonyte, Gintare, et al.
(author)
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Measuring Encoding Efficiency in Swedish and English Language Learner Speech Production
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2017. - : The International Speech Communication Association (ISCA). - 9781510848764 ; , s. 1779-1783
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use n-gram language models to investigate how far language approximates an optimal code for human communication in terms of Information Theory [1], and what differences there are between Learner proficiency levels. Although the language of lower level learners is simpler, it is less optimal in terms of information theory, and as a consequence more difficult to process.
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| 2. |
- Fransson Sellgren, Stina
(author)
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Nursing management at a Swedish university hospital
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- High turnover rate among nursing staff is a global problem and important for nurse managers to deal with. In order to help health care leaders to retain competent staff, it is important to improve the knowledge of the ways and the extent to which leadership behaviour relates to nurse job satisfaction and staff turnover. The nurse manager is as the head of the unit, a leader over part of the health care staff. The aim was to study the relationship between leadership behaviour of nurse managers and staff turnover considering creative work climate and intrinsic factors of job satisfaction. All four studies were conducted at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm. At the time of the study the hospital had about 5000 employees working with nursing care. There were 92 nurse managers and 77 of these were included. Ten subordinates of each included manager were randomly selected and invited to participate (n=770). All data for Studies I-III were collected at the same time in 2003. Leadership behaviour (I) was studied with a questionnaire called Change, Production and Employee (CPE). It s relation to creative work climate and job satisfaction was explored on individual level in study II. Two different questionnaires regarding creative work climate and job satisfaction were used together with the data from the CPE instrument. In Study III register data of actual staff turnover were used together with data from studies I and II. Analyses were related to each included manager based unit level. Study IV, conducted in 2004 explored perceptions about staff turnover. Five focus group discussions included 29 participants (head of departments, nurse managers and staff) and were con-ducted and the statements analyzed in order to identify categories of opinions. The categories were related to register data of actual staff turnover from the hospital follow up system (PREDO) The correlation between leadership behaviour and staff turnover was weak (-.12, Study III). Leadership behaviour of the nurse manager significantly correlates both on individual (II) and unit level (III) to creative work climate (.60, Study III) and job satisfaction (.60, Study III). When controlling for creative work climate the result showed only weak correlation between leadership behaviour and job satisfaction (.12, Study II). In turn, there is a relationship between job satisfaction and staff turnover (-.30, Study III). Three main groups of profiles were identified, invisible leader, middle of the road (middle) leader and super leader (I, II). In Study IV four major factors were identified as having a possible influence on staff turnover: intrinsic values of motivation , workload , unit size and leadership . Smaller units had lower staff turnover as well as out patient units and day care. In this context of nursing the direct relationships between leadership behaviour, including the dimension of change, and actual staff turnover was weak. The relationships between leadership behaviour and creative work climate, between creative work climate and job satisfaction and between job satisfaction and actual staff turnover indicate that the nurse manager plays a key role in developing a creative work climate that might increase nurses job satisfaction and by extension decrease staff turnover. According to the results it seems easier to achieve group cohesion, recognition and participation in units where a manager works close to the staff.
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| 3. |
- Fransson, Therese
(author)
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En framtid med resistenta almar?
- 2015
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In: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- En alm kan leva i fyra till femhundra år, men insjuknar den i almsjukan kan det smittade trädet dö inom loppet av månader. Almsjukan har spridit sig över stora delar av det norra halvklotet. I södra Sverige är de flesta almarna borta och endast deras skelett finns kvar. Men med de resistenta almarna så finns det kanske en framtid för almen.
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| 4. |
- Funck, W. von, et al.
(author)
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Smoke Surfaces : An Interactive Flow Visualization Technique Inspired by Real-World Flow Experiments
- 2008
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In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. - 1077-2626 .- 1941-0506. ; 14:6, s. 1396-1403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smoke rendering is a standard technique for flow visualization. Most approaches are based on a volumetric, particle based, or image based representation of the smoke. This paper introduces an alternative representation of smoke structures: as semi-transparent streak surfaces. In order to make streak surface integration fast enough for interactive applications, we avoid expensive adaptive retriangulations by coupling the opacity of the triangles to their shapes. This way, the surface shows a smoke-like look even in rather turbulent areas. Furthermore, we show modifications of the approach to mimic smoke nozzles, wool tufts, and time surfaces. The technique is applied to a number of test data sets.
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| 5. |
- Funcke, Alexander, 1982-
(author)
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Mathematical models of social norms and petty corruption
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Corruption is a problem all around the world, but the extent of the problem varies between countries and situations. In this thesis, I focus on how corruption levels can change when they are culturally determined. For this reason, I study the dynamics of the cultural underpinnings: social norms and conventions.The dissertation consists of six papers. In the first paper, I expand a common definition of social norms. The aim of the extension is to capture the fact that the scope of a social norm may be larger than just a single specific situation. I introduce a similarity measure and develop a mathematical model according to which all situations' social norms are interconnected, and affect each other, but those situations that are most similar and most recent have the greatest normative effect on a current situation. Given this model I test the effect of bringing about norm change by temporarily dismantling institutions and then reestablishing them.In the second paper, I show in a mathematical model how it is possible to design fine and reward mechanisms that make it superfluous for individuals to form beliefs about how others will act. Through this mechanism, it should be possible to circumvent the problem that norm change typically will be successful only if it is synchronized across a large part of the population.In the third paper, I and my co-authors, first conducted a survey. The results of which demonstrate that there is a general tendency among people to consider themselves to be less prone to corrupt behavior than the average person. Such an "everyone-is-better-than-average" effect is a well-established phenomenon in social psychology but not previously demonstrated in the corruption domain. We then show in a mathematical model that such systematic biases in estimation of own versus others' corruption make it more difficult to achieve norm change in the direction of less corruption.In the fourth and fifth paper we again consider the "everyone-is-better-than-average" effect and see how in certain value based groups the effect can be reversed. This changes the insight from the third paper slightly.The last paper considers a classic question of how a collective can succeed in collective action when it is risky to be among the first individuals to act. I and my co-author investigate how the collective can benefit from access to a set of signal acts that signal an individual's level of commitment to the collective cause. The problem is modeled as a threshold model where an individual's inclination to conduct a specific act depends on the previous commitment level in the population.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Barbabella, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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Socio-economic status and social participation as predictors of quality of life of older adults with functional limitations : a cross-sectional study in Italy and Greece
- 2019
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In: Retraité et Société. ; 81:1, s. 41-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Older adults with functional limitations constitute a vulnerable group with usually lower levels of health status and quality of life (QoL). In both Italy and Greece, informal care and privately-hired care workers are common measures for providing them continuous care and support, more than public care services. This situation might increase the risk of worst QoL if older adults are not equipped with own social and economic resources for coping with daily life limitations, especially in a macro-context heavily influenced in recent years by the effects of the economic crisis. The study aimed at identifying the role of socio-economic status (SES) and social participation as predictors of QoL of older adults with functional limitations, after the Great Recession period. We used data on older adults (50+ years) from the Survey on health, ageing and retirement in Europe (Share) wave 6 (2015) for conducting a cross-sectional descriptive analysis and running a hierarchical linear regression model for both Italy and Greece, with blocs of predictors concerning demographic, socio-economic, health, access to care, and social participation domains. In both countries, higher levels of SES and social participation were strongly associated with higher QoL, although good health status remained the most influential predictor of better QoL. Our results suggested that multiple social inequalities are likely to occur among most socially disadvantaged older adults and may heavily affect their QoL and social inclusion.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Fransson, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Computational Chemistry from Laptop to HPC : A notebook exploration of quantum chemistry
- 2022. - 1
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Quantum chemistry is a powerful tool. It is now possible to model complex chemical processes even on a laptop getting insights into matter at its fundamental scale.But quantum chemistry is also very complex. Answering a chemical question requires selecting parameters among a wide variety of choices. Choosing a model system, an electronic structure method, a basis set, a set of properties, and a wide array of parameters which can affect the results in small but sometimes meaningful way… It can be a very daunting task, even for veterans of the field.Similarly, for those who wish to get a deeper understanding of a method, going through the pages of equation often riddled with inconsistent notations and formulations is very challenging. And at the end, the link between the equation and the computer implementation found in existing softwares can be vague at best.We believe that a core issue is that humans are not good at learning in abstract terms. We can get very far with a lecture or a textbook, but we will never build as much intuition about how a clock work as by simply breaking one apart and rebuilding it from scratch.This is exactly the aim of this page, allowing a hands-on approach to computational chemistry. Together we will dismantle the black box that a computational chemistry code often seems to be, go through all the cogs and gears, and build back together some of the main computational methods of modern computational chemistry. We will do this by presenting the underlying equations, all expressed with consistent notations, as well as by suggesting a simple python implementation, to really display in action how the theory is implemented into a practical tool. Additionally, we will put these methods in context by showing how they can be used to address concrete chemical questions, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of each method and how to best use them to solve practical problems.
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| 10. |
- Fransson, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Effects of x-ray free-electron laser pulse intensity on the Mn K beta(1,3) x-ray emission spectrum in photosystem II-A case study for metalloprotein crystals and solutions
- 2021
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In: Structural Dynamics. - : AIP Publishing. - 2329-7778. ; 8:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the last ten years, x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have been successfully employed to characterize metalloproteins at room temperature using various techniques including x-ray diffraction, scattering, and spectroscopy. The approach has been to outrun the radiation damage by using femtosecond (fs) x-ray pulses. An example of an important and damage sensitive active metal center is the Mn4CaO5 cluster in photosystem II (PS II), the catalytic site of photosynthetic water oxidation. The combination of serial femtosecond x-ray crystallography and K beta x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has proven to be a powerful multimodal approach for simultaneously probing the overall protein structure and the electronic state of the Mn4CaO5 cluster throughout the catalytic (Kok) cycle. As the observed spectral changes in the Mn4CaO5 cluster are very subtle, it is critical to consider the potential effects of the intense XFEL pulses on the K beta XES signal. We report here a systematic study of the effects of XFEL peak power, beam focus, and dose on the Mn K beta(1,3) XES spectra in PS II over a wide range of pulse parameters collected over seven different experimental runs using both microcrystal and solution PS II samples. Our findings show that for beam intensities ranging from & SIM;5 x 10(15) to 5 x 10(17) W/cm(2) at a pulse length of & SIM;35 fs, the spectral effects are small compared to those observed between S-states in the Kok cycle. Our results provide a benchmark for other XFEL-based XES studies on metalloproteins, confirming the viability of this approach.& nbsp;
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