| 1. |
- Abramowski, A., et al.
(author)
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Simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign on PKS 2005-489 in a high state
- 2011
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 533, s. A110-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The high-frequency peaked BL Lac object PKS 2005-489 was the target of a multi-wavelength campaign with simultaneous observations in the TeV gamma-ray (H.E.S.S.), GeV gamma-ray (Fermi/LAT), X-ray (RXTE, Swift), UV (Swift) and optical (ATOM, Swift) bands. This campaign was carried out during a high flux state in the synchrotron regime. The flux in the optical and X-ray bands reached the level of the historical maxima. The hard GeV spectrum observed with Fermi/LAT connects well to the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) spectrum measured with H.E.S.S. with a peak energy between similar to 5 and 500 GeV. Compared to observations with contemporaneous coverage in the VHE and X-ray bands in 2004, the X-ray flux was similar to 50 times higher during the 2009 campaign while the TeV gamma-ray flux shows marginal variation over the years. The spectral energy distribution during this multi-wavelength campaign was fit by a one zone synchrotron self-Compton model with a well determined cutoff in X-rays. The parameters of a one zone SSC model are inconsistent with variability time scales. The variability behaviour over years with the large changes in synchrotron emission and small changes in the inverse Compton emission does not warrant an interpretation within a one-zone SSC model despite an apparently satisfying fit to the broadband data in 2009.
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| 2. |
- Aharonian, F., et al.
(author)
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SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF PKS 2155-304 WITH HESS, FERMI, RXTE, AND ATOM : SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND VARIABILITY IN A LOW STATE
- 2009
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 696:2, s. L150-L155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the first simultaneous observations that cover the optical, X-ray, and high-energy gamma-ray bands of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304. The gamma-ray bands were observed for 11 days, between 2008 August 25 and 2008 September 6 (MJD 54704-54715), jointly with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the HESS atmospheric Cherenkov array, providing the first simultaneous MeV-TeV spectral energy distribution (SED) with the new generation of gamma-ray telescopes. The ATOM telescope and the RXTE and Swift observatories provided optical and X-ray coverage of the low-energy component over the same time period. The object was close to the lowest archival X-ray and very high energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) state, whereas the optical flux was much higher. The light curves show relatively little (similar to 30%) variability overall when compared to past flaring episodes, but we find a clear optical/VHE correlation and evidence for a correlation of the X-rays with the high-energy spectral index. Contrary to previous observations in the flaring state, we do not find any correlation between the X-ray and VHE components. Although synchrotron self-Compton models are often invoked to explain the SEDs of BL Lac objects, the most common versions of these models are at odds with the correlated variability we find in the various bands for PKS 2155-304.
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| 3. |
- Hellstrand Tang, Ulla, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Clinical guidelines recommending prosthetics and orthotics in Sweden : Agreement between national and regional guidelines
- 2023
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In: Prosthetics and Orthotics International. - : Sage Publications. - 0309-3646 .- 1746-1553.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the presence of both national and regional clinical practical guidelines (CPGs) in Sweden, no previous studies have investigated the quality of CPGs or the level of agreement between national and regional CPGs.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the quality of national CPGs recommending prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) and quantify the agreement between national and regional CPGs in Sweden.STUDY DESIGN: Literature Review.METHODS: National and regional CPGs were identified in public databases and by surveyed local nurse practitioners. Quality of the national guidelines was assessed by using AGREE II. Agreement between recommendations in the national and regional CPGs was quantified on a 4-grade rating scale ("similar," "partially similar," "not similar/not present," and "different").RESULTS: Of 18 national CPGs, 3 CPGs (CPGs of Diabetes, Musculoskeletal disorders, and Stroke) had 9 recommendations related to P&O. The Musculoskeletal disorders and Stroke CPGs had quality scores .60% in all domains, and the Diabetes CPG had scores .60% in 5 of 6 domains according to AGREE II. Seven regional CPGs for P&O treatment were identified. Three national recommendations (in Diabetes CPGs) showed "similar" content for all regions, and 2 national recommendations (in Diabetes CPGs) showed "not similar" content for all regions. The remaining recommendations (Diabetes, Musculoskeletal disorders, and Stroke CPGs) had varying agreement with regional CPGs. CONCLUSIONS: There is a limited number of national recommendations for treatment within P&O. There was variation in the agreement of P&O-related recommendations in national and regional CPGs, which might lead to unequal care throughout the national healthcare system.
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| 4. |
- Jarl, Gustav, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of lower-limb amputations in Sweden from 2008-2017
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 64:2-3, s. 266-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study examines the recent national and regional incidence of lower limb amputations (LLAs) in Sweden and their annual changes.DESIGN: Observational study using Swedish national register data.METHODS: We identified all initial amputations in Sweden from 2008 to 2017 in individuals 18 years or older using the national inpatient register. The amputations were categorized into three levels: High proximal (through or above the knee joint), low proximal (through the tibia to through the ankle joint), and partial foot amputations. To examine the national and regional incidence and annual changes, the age-, sex- and region-specific population count each year was used as the denominator and Poisson regression or negative binomial regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age and sex.RESULTS: The national annual incidence of LLAs was 22.1 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a higher incidence in men (24.2) than in women (20.0). The incidence of LLAs (all levels combined) declined during the study period, with an IRR of 0.984 per year (95% CI, 0.973-0.994). This was mainly due to a decrease in high proximal amputations (0.985, 95% CI 0.974-0.995) and low proximal amputations (0.973, 95% CI 0.962-0.984). No change in the incidence of partial foot amputations was observed (0.994, 95% CI 0.974-1.014). Such declines in LLA incidence (all levels combined) were observed in 9 out of 21 regions. Compared to the national average and with adjustment for age, sex, diabetes and artery disease, the regional IRR varied from 0.85-1.36 for all LLAs, from 0.67-1.61 for high proximal amputations, from 0.50-1.51 for low proximal amputations and from 0.13-3.68 for partial foot amputations.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of LLAs has decreased in Sweden. However, regional variations in incidence, time trends, and amputation levels warrant more research.
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