| 1. |
- Kassa, Elias, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of train-turnout interaction and plastic deformation of rail profiles
- 2006
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In: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5159 .- 0042-3114. ; 44:1, s. 349 - 359
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Railway turnouts (switches and crossings) require more maintenance than other parts of the railway network. Multiple wheel–rail contacts are common, and impact loads with large magnitudes are generated when the conventional wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed at various locations along the turnout. The dynamic interaction between train and turnout is simulated in order to predictthe forces and creepages in the wheel–rail contacts, and the sizes and locations of the contact patches. Furthermore, the change in rail profile because of plastic deformation is calculated by finite element analysis at a selected position along the switch rail. Contact loads and contact locations, taken from the vehicle dynamics simulation, are then used as input data in the finite element analysis. The objective of the study is to gain knowledge about the influence of different damage mechanisms on the life of a turnout. This is useful in an optimization of turnout geometry with the purpose to improve vehicle ride dynamics and to decrease maintenance costs.
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| 2. |
- Roupé, Mattias, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Exploring diffrent design spaces - VR as a tool during building design
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR2019) - Enabling digital technologies to sustain construction growth and efficiency. ; 19, s. 94-102
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the design process of a building different medias are often used to depict the design. Traditional media, especially 2D requires high spatial skill and cognitive demand on the designers. For inexperienced designers, this process can be demanding, be difficult and can cause potential biased design perceptions that are significantly different from the reality. However, studies have also shown that different media and representation facilitates different cognitive reasoning processes about the design. Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) is assumed to give another level of understanding and perception of design space from an egocentric perception than 2D plan drawings or bird-eye views, which have been argued to provide opportunities for better pattern and object recognition that is suitable when studying spatial organization in an allocentric reasoning process. This paper investigates, the different design medias and spatial space explorations further, by studying how students used the different representations and medias (e.g. sketches, 3d-models and VR) during their design process. By combining and using both of these two design space representations, (e.g. egocentric and allocentric) in the design process, it gives a possibility to achieve a more developed design outcome. The methods used in this study were observations and un-structured interviews during the design process and a follow up questionnaire at the end of the design project. The result show, by combining and using both VR and traditional design sketching tools that it is possible to support the two design space representations together and give the designer the possibilities to explore, understand, discuss and work with the design in a more elaborate way from both an egocentric and allocentric perspective. The paper also presents in what way VR can contribute to the Evidence Based Design (EBD) criteria and how the students used different design spaces representations for design and spatial reasoning about the healthcare design of the psychiatric facility they were designing.
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| 3. |
- Sateei, Shahin, 1992, et al.
(author)
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How Virtual Reality is used when involving healthcare staff in the design process
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of the Conference CIB W78. ; 38, s. 419-428
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design process of a new hospital is often recognized as a complex task involving a diverse group of actors. The most common information media used today are project related documents and drawings. Hospital users´ ability to interpret information through these varies. This affects the design feedback from users. However, an increasing use of Virtual Reality (VR) support possibilities to facilitate better understanding. This paper presents six case studies of hospital design projects, where VR has been used with the purpose of involving end-users, investigating how and when VR has been implemented and which effects and experiences that could be noted. The findings show different levels of involvement, engagement, collaboration, and interactivity. Using VR contributes throughout the design process but is dependent on purpose and setup. Furthermore, there is a strong connection between engagement and the interactivity of the VR model.
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| 4. |
- Thomson, Giles, et al.
(author)
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BIM related innovation in healthcare precinct design and facilities management
- 2019
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In: Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. - : Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.. - 2516-2853. ; 2, s. 455-462, s. 455-462
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss potential applications of emerging Building Information Model (BIM) and related technologies as applied to healthcare facilities. The paper presents example of applications of digital tools enabled by BIM that support more integrated outcomes for complex healthcare projects. Approach - Paper formulation by a transdisciplinary author group with ideas and approaches developed through discussions and writing to explore future research directions. Initial ideas are supplemented by a literature review with examples introduced where relevant. Findings - BIMas a front-end construction engineering tool is quite mature. Application of BIMand related tools to support complex healthcare at the precinct scale, for facilities management (FM), including improved user experience (UX) has been limited but shows great promise to support complex healthcare projects. Research Limitations/Implications - The research presented is limited and exploratory as it represents the first step by this group to investigate an integrated approach to digital healthcare design and FM. Practical Implications - The paper introduces the considerable benefits of BIM models, and related tools for FM and/or UX (both staff and patients) to save time, money and improves efficiency and accuracy in healthcare facilities. Originality/Value - The transdisciplinary author group brought broad perspectives to the potential benefits of combining accurate data-rich legacy building models with other digital tools for increased integration and co-ordination at all life stages of a healthcare precinct.
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| 5. |
- Asp, Leif, 1966, et al.
(author)
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A structural battery and its multifunctional performance
- 2021
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In: Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research. - : Wiley. - 2699-9412. ; 2:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Engineering materials that can store electrical energy in structural load paths can revolutionize lightweight design across transport modes. Stiff and strong batteries that use solid-state electrolytes and resilient electrodes and separators are generally lacking. Herein, a structural battery composite with unprecedented multifunctional performance is demonstrated, featuring an energy density of 24 Wh kg-1 and an elastic modulus of 25 GPa and tensile strength exceeding 300 MPa. The structural battery is made from multifunctional constituents, where reinforcing carbon fibers (CFs) act as electrode and current collector. A structural electrolyte is used for load transfer and ion transport and a glass fiber fabric separates the CF electrode from an aluminum foil-supported lithium–iron–phosphate positive electrode. Equipped with these materials, lighter electrical cars, aircraft, and consumer goods can be pursued.
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| 6. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(author)
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Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.
- 2024
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.METHODS: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing.FINDINGS: Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity.INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species.FUNDING: European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Andreas, 1991, et al.
(author)
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Improved Success Probability with Greater Circuit Depth for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
- 2020
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In: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 14:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors-although far from fault tolerant-support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to combinatorial optimization problems. On small-scale quantum processors, validations of such algorithms serve as important technology demonstrators. We implement the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on our hardware platform, consisting of two superconducting transmon qubits and one parametrically modulated coupler. We solve small instances of the NP (nondeterministic polynomial time)-complete exact-cover problem, with 96.6% success probability, by iterating the algorithm up to level two.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Cattaruzza, Martina, et al.
(author)
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Hybrid polymer-liquid lithium ion electrolytes: effect of porosity on the ionic and molecular mobility
- 2023
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:13, s. 7006-7015
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alternative electrolyte systems such as hybrid electrolytes are much sought after to overcome safety issues related to liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Hybrid solid-liquid electrolytes (HEs) like the heterogeneous structural battery electrolyte (SBE) consist of two discrete co-existing phases prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation: one solid polymer phase providing mechanical integrity and the other one a percolating liquid ion-conducting phase. The present work investigates the ion and the solvent mobility in a series of HEs using morphological, electrochemical impedance and NMR spectroscopic methods. All the dried HEs exhibit a porous structure with a broad pore size distribution stretching down to <10 nm diameter. Penetration of the individual components of the solution, that is the ions and the solvent, in the solid polymer phase is demonstrated. Yet, it is the pores that are the main ion conduction channels in the liquid-saturated HEs and, in general, translational mobility is strongly dependent on the volume fraction and size of the pores and, thereby, on the initial liquid electrolyte content. We also observe that the translational mobility of solvent and the ions vary differently with the pore volume fraction. This finding is explained by the presence of small mesopores where the mobility strongly depends on the specific interactions of the molecular constituent with the pore wall. These interactions are inferred to be stronger for the EC/PC solvent than for the ions. This study shows how the morphology and the chemical composition of HEs affect the ionic and molecular transport in the system.
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