| 1. |
- Ahlstrand, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Health-promoting factors among students in higher education within health care and social work : a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data in a multicentre longitudinal study
- 2022
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In: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Educational environments are considered important in strengthening students’ health status and knowledge, which are associated with good educational outcomes. It has been suggested to establish healthy universities based on a salutogenic approach – namely, health promotion. The aim of this study was to describe health-promoting resources and factors among first-semester students in higher education in healthcare and social work.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a survey distributed among all students in seven healthcare and social work programmes at six universities in southern Sweden. The survey was carried out in 2018 using a self-reported, web-based questionnaire focussing on general health and well-being, lifestyle factors together with three validated instruments measuring health-promoting factors and processes: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS) and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ).Results: Of 2283 students, 851 (37.3%) completed the survey, of whom 742 (87.1%) were women; 722 (84.8%) were enrolled on healthcare programmes, and 129 (15.2%) were enrolled on social work programmes. Most reported good general health and well-being (88.1% and 83.7%, respectively). The total mean scores for the SOC scale, SHIS and OBQ were, respectively, 59.09 (SD = 11.78), 44.04 (SD = 9.38) and 26.40 (SD = 7.07). Well-being and several healthy lifestyles were related to better general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Multiple linear and logistic regressions showed that perceived well-being and no sleeping problems significantly predicted higher general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Being less sedentary and non-smoking habits were significant predictors of higher SOC.Conclusions: Swedish students in higher education within the healthcare and social work sector report good general health and well-being in the first semester, as well as health-promoting resources (i.e. SOC, SHIS and OBQ), and in some aspects, a healthy lifestyle. High-intensity exercise, no sleeping problems and non-smoking seem to be of importance to both general health and health-promotive resources. This study contributes to knowledge about the health promotive characteristics of students in the healthcare and social work fields, which is of importance for planning universities with a salutogenic approach.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby
- 2015
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In: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Pierre, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Assessment Based Information Needs in Manual Assembly
- 2017
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In: 24th International Conference on Production Research, ICPR 2017. - Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA : DEStech Publications. - 9781605955070 ; :ICPR 2017, s. 366-371
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To handle the complex and flexible manufacturing of today it is vital to have well functional information systems for the operators so that they know when, what and where to assemble. The current designs of assembly work instructions differ much between companies, but also between plants within the same company. The digitalization trends and initiatives such as Industry 4.0 show the manufacturing industry the advantages to incorporate new methods and tools into their businesses. Even though manufacturing IT systems are designed to be adaptive to product and volume changes, they are still widely characterized by their rigid structures. Making large changes to manufacturing IT systems with comprehensive structures is complex and requires large amounts of resources. Therefore, it is important for the manufacturing companies to make the correct investments. In previous studies, two current state analyses have been conducted with the aim to map manufacturing engineering processes and IT systems producing assembly work instructions in a mass customization context. This paper presents results from the third part of a longitudinal study which focuses on identifying operators’ information needs in manual assembly of heavy vehicles. This third study aims to identify the information gap between the current state and the wanted state by assessing information needs at 13 assembly stations in three plants belonging to a global production network. The purpose is to identify design requirements for future assembly information systems enabling the practical use of the digitalization.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sylwan, Ida, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Heavy metal sorption by sludge-derived biochar with focus on Pb2+ sorption capacity at µg/L concentrations
- 2020
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In: Processes. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9717. ; 8:12, s. 1-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Municipal wastewater management causes metal exposure to humans and the environment. Targeted metal removal is suggested to reduce metal loads during sludge reuse and release of effluent to receiving waters. Biochar is considered a low-cost sorbent with high sorption capacity for heavy metals. In this study, heavy metal sorption to sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) was investigated through batch experiments and modeling and compared to that of wood-derived biochar (WDBC) and activated carbon (AC). The aim was to investigate the sorption efficiency at metal concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater (<1 mg/L), for which experimental data are lacking and isotherm models have not been verified in previous works. Pb2+ removal of up to 83% was demonstrated at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater, at pH 2. SDBC showed superior Pb2+ sorption capacity (maximum ~2 mg/g at pH 2) compared to WDBC and AC (<0 and (3.5 ± 0.4) × 10−3 mg/g, respectively); however, at the lowest concentration investigated (0.005 mg/L), SDBC released Pb2+. The potential risk of release of other heavy metals (i.e., Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn) needs to be further examined. The sorption capacity of SDBC over a metal concentration span of 0.005–150 mg Pb2+/L could be predicted with the Redlich– Peterson model. It was shown that experimental data at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater are necessary to accurately model and predict the sorption capacity of SDBC at these concentrations.
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| 6. |
- Sylwan, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Primary and digested sludge-derived char as a Cd sorbent : Feasibility of local utilisation
- 2023
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In: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 88:11, s. 2917-2930
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal, occurring in municipal wastewater and stormwater as well as in wastewater from various industries. Char derived from the pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge has the potential to be a low-cost sorption media for the removal of Cd. However, the balance between possible local char production and demand has not been assessed previously. In this study, the Cd sorption capacities of chars derived from primary (PSC) and secondary sludge (DSC), as well as the feasibility of char production for Cd sorbent purposes, and the pyrolysis energy balance were evaluated. Results showed that the sorption capacity of PSC (9.1 mg/g; 800 C, 70 min) was superior to that of DSC (6.0 mg/g; 800 C, 70 min), and increased with a higher pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis of primary sludge had a more favourable energy balance compared with the pyrolysis of digested sludge; however, when accounting for loss of biogas production the energy balance of primary sludge pyrolysis was negative. Assessment of the regional demand (Västeras, Sweden) indicated that PSC or DSC may cover the local Cd sorbent demand. However, it was estimated that large char volumes would be required, thus making the use of DSC/PSC less feasible.
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| 7. |
- Sylwan, Ida, 1984-
(author)
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Sludge-derived char : utilisation as a metal sorbent in dilute wastewaters
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Metal concentrations in soil and water have increased since the Industrial Revolution, which may have negative health and environmental effects. Metal pollution occurs, for instance, in municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and stormwater. Concentrations are often low, due to dilution. A common technology for metal removal is sorption. Char produced from pyrolysis of municipal sludge (SDC), has been pointed out as a potential low-cost sorbent. However, the scientific literature mainly focuses on experiments using artificial solutions at concentrations much higher than those found in said wastewaters (in a Swedish context). The goal of this study was to investigate SDC use for the removal of metals, focusing on reuse of SDC in primary treatment (PT) of municipal wastewater and with some attention to other applications. The investigation was performed through experimental laboratory studies, modelling, and literature review/assessment. The data obtained from the literature review indicated that sorption is suitable for enhancing removal of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) during PT. With respect to Ni and Cu; from ~7–50% and ~10–70%, respectively (no SDC), to ~65–98% and ~45–85%, respectively (with SDC). Experimental results showed that SDC could remove >95% of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, and Ag from artificial solution, at concentrations similar to those in raw municipal wastewater. However, sorption of Cu and Ni was inhibited in real wastewater (a decrease from >99 and 99%, respectively, to 68 and 40% respectively). The inhibition was linked to the presence of dissolved organic matter. Modelling, based on raw wastewater composition indicated that SDC addition in PT may enhance the removal of Cd and Cu (from 39% to 79% and 30 % to 43%, respectively). Experiments showed that the investigated SDC had a larger Pb sorption capacity, compared to activated carbon and wood-derived char. Experimental investigations and modelling (sorption isotherms) indicated that literature data did not give satisfactory estimations of the Pb sorption capacity onto SDC at concentrations considered; the available data was generally valid for much higher concentrations. The experimentally determined Cd sorption capacity of SDC produced from primary sludge exceeded that of SDC produced from digested sludge. However, given the loss of biogas production the theoretical energy balance of primary sludge pyrolysis was negative. Finally, the local demand for Cd-sorbent in the Västerås region could potentially be covered by the SDC generated locally.
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| 8. |
- Xie, Y., et al.
(author)
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A critical review on production, modification and utilization of biochar
- 2022
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In: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0165-2370 .- 1873-250X. ; 161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There has been an increased interest in the production of sustainable biochar in the past years, as biochar shows versatile physicochemical properties and, can have a wide applicability in diverse fields. Comprehensive studies have been made to characterize biochar produced from various biomass materials, using different production technologies and under different process conditions. However, research is still lacking in correlating biochar properties needed for certain applications with (i) feedstock, (ii) biochar production processes and conditions and (iii) biochar upgrading and modification strategies. To produce biochar with desired properties, there is a great need to establish and clarify such correlations, which can guide the selection of feedstock, tuning and optimization of the production process and more efficient utilization of biochar. On the other hand, further elucidation of these correlations is also important for biochar-stakeholder and end-users for predicting physiochemical properties of biochar from certain feedstock and production conditions, assessing potential effects of biochar utilization and clearly address needs towards biochar critical properties. This review summarizes a wide range of literature on the impact of feedstocks and production processes and reactions conditions on the biochar properties and the most important biochar properties required for the different potential applications. Based on collected data, recommendations are provided for mapping out biochar production for different biochar applications. Knowledge gaps and perspectives for future research have also been identified regarding the characterization and production of biochar.
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| 9. |
- Alm, Erika, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Introduction (Pluralistic Struggles in Gender, Sexuality and Coloniality)
- 2021
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In: Pluralistic Struggles in Gender, Sexuality and Coloniality. Challenging Swedish Exceptionalism. - London, New York : Palgrave. - 9783030474317 ; , s. 1-18
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The focus of this book is on the many far from predictable transformative political processes on gender, sexuality and coloniality that grow out of the broad range of bodies and actors engaged in politics outside the hegemonic order and in everyday activities. These processes are not conducted by states, governments or transnational nongovernmental organisations; rather, they are examples of politics in-between states, organisations and national imagined communities. In this first chapter we will introduce some of the main themes, regarding these processes we in our joint research programme have worked on over the last couple of years.
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| 10. |
- Baumann, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Outcome in a prospective phase II trial of medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.
- 2009
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In: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755 .- 0732-183X. ; 27:20, s. 3290-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on 3-year progression-free survival of medically inoperable patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was analyzed in a prospective phase II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with T1NOMO (70%) and T2N0M0 (30%) were included between August 2003 and September 2005 at seven different centers in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark and observed up to 36 months. SBRT was delivered with 15 Gy times three at the 67% isodose of the planning target volume. RESULTS: Progression-free survival at 3 years was 52%. Overall- and cancer-specific survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 86%, 65%, 60%, and 93%, 88%, 88%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with T1 or T2 tumors. At a median follow-up of 35 months (range, 4 to 47 months), 27 patients (47%) were deceased, seven as a result of lung cancer and 20 as a result of concurrent disease. Kaplan-Meier estimated local control at 3 years was 92%. Local relapse was observed in four patients (7%). Regional relapse was observed in three patients (5%). Nine patients (16%) developed distant metastases. The estimated risk of all failure (local, regional, or distant metastases) was increased in patients with T2 (41%) compared with those with T1 (18%) tumors (P = .027). CONCLUSION: With a 3-year local tumor control rate higher than 90% with limited toxicity, SBRT emerges as state-of-the-art treatment for medically inoperable stage I NSCLC and may even challenge surgery in operable instances.
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