| 1. |
- Juizo, Dinis, et al.
(author)
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Application of a district management approach to Southern African river basin systems: the case of the Umbeluzi, Incomati and Maputo river basins
- 2009
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In: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 11:6, s. 719-730
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, the 'river basin as a management unit' approach has been adopted as a solution to water management. The situation between Swaziland, Mozambique and South Africa regarding managing the water resources of the Incomati, Maputo, and Umbeluzi shared river basins is an interesting case that might need a different approach. These rivers flow downstream to the Maputo estuary where their waters are needed for urban water supply (Maputo city) and fresh water pulses for the estuary. The Incomati and Umbeluzi are heavily committed upstream while the Maputo appears still to have a relative abundance of untapped water resources. At basin level, the three countries fail to reach a consensus on the best strategies to accommodate multiple demands, particularly in the downstream area. The IncoMaputo agreement that was concluded by the three governments is unique in that it comprises two basins (Maputo and Incomati), allowing a multi-basin approach to the problem. However, the Umbeluzi was left out of the agreement. This paper discusses the possible benefits of a multi-basin approach to water resources for the three rivers discharging into Espirito Santo Estuary in Maputo. Using the provisions set out in the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) it is found that the three rivers of this study may well be suitable for implementing the District Water Management approach as proposed in the WFD.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Juizo, Dinis
(author)
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METHODS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN WATER STRESSED REGIONS – CASE STUDY: SOUTHERN AFRICA
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Water resources management in water scarce regions like the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) is challenging with both large hydro-climatic-induced scarcity and the considerable inter-annual fluctuations at the centre of the allocation problem. Water must be allocated both in time and space using acceptable criteria and most importantly, all stakeholders must adhere to the decisions imposed by water sharing agreements. The SADC region is special in that most of its land territory (70%) falls within a designated international river basin area, creating considerable interdependences between states. For this reason, a regional framework, the SADC protocol on shared watercourses, was put in place that will guide integrated water resources development of the region. Developing water resources of the region is seen as a central element for setting the regional economy in motion. Over the past 15 years, a policy and institutional water management framework has been developed. However, materialization of the Policy and principles involved has been faced with difficulties. This research includes an analysis of water resources management in the SADC region with the view to contribute to sound transboundary water resources management which is technically accepted by all stakeholders and addresses the issues of fair and equitable water allocation. The research aimed at evaluating the role that knowledge and information has played in the progress achieved to date and to testing different methods that can assist to speed up the process. Water allocation and transparency in water resources modelling of transboundary rivers were assessed using tools that ranged from fully open sources to more complex and less transparent type of model. These models were analysed with respect to trust building for reaching water-sharing agreements. The problems related to poor integration of water quality issues in water agreement has also been investigated leading to a proposal for simple method that can enable better cooperation between riparian countries. The main conclusion of this study is that transparency, stakeholder involvement and simple methods can contribute to fast implementation of integrated water resource management in water stressed regions like SADC. In addition, Institutions should be designed to match the geographical area defined by the biophysical problem they are supposed to address.
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| 4. |
- Matsinhe, Nelson, et al.
(author)
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Water services with independent providers in peri-urban Maputo: Challenges and opportunities for long-term development
- 2008
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In: Water S.A.. - 1816-7950. ; 34:3, s. 411-420
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Water service delivery to most residents of peri-urban areas of greater Maputo depends largely on alternative service providers. mostly in the form of small-scale independent providers (SSIPs). This paper discusses the present and long-term challenges facing SSIPs in supplying quality water of sufficient quantity in peri-Urban Maputo and possible human health risks associated with the consumption of water provided by SSIPs. Extensive water sampling and analyses were conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water provided by independent providers and the associated human health risks. Borehole pumping tests, the results of which were interpreted using the graphical method of Jacob, were used to evaluate the regional aquifer potential, the long-term impacts of its exploitation and the aquifer Vulnerability to external contamination. From the results of bore hole pumping tests it was concluded that the present yields are in average 33% lower than estimated safe yields and that larger than present yields therefore can be exploited. The aquifer Vulnerability to external contamination (e.g. by E. coli and nitrates) is low, mainly because of low hydraulic loads and the existence of a rather thick (10 to 30 m) sandy unsaturated stratum where bacteria die-off and biological denitrification probably Occurs. However, the aquifer vulnerability to sea sea-water intrusion is high. Currently, the health risks posed to Consumers relying on services provided by SSIPs are small; even so, 13 out of 35 controlled boreholes had either total coliform or faecal coli form levels higher than the WHO standard. In the long run SSIPs may face more serious water quality problems due either to over-exploitation of the aquifer system or increased hydraulic loads resulting from increased Population density.
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| 5. |
- Meque Uamusse, Miguel, et al.
(author)
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Hydro Power Potential in Mozambique "CHUA- MANICA"
- 2015
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In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 79, s. 719-726
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydropower energy is one of most promising clean energy technologies, however this energy technologies has many challenges if compere other renewable energy for example Biomass, solar, wind energy, has high capital investment cost. In Mozambique, access to conversional energy in form of electricity has been limited to most of the rural population. The objective of this investigation research is to analyze the Chua Micro-Hydropower Plant exploration in Manica district in Mozambique and to examine the possibility of increasing energy production. The current total installed power generation capacity in Mozambique is about 939MW. Hydropower contributes 561 MW, making a contribution of 61%, oil contributes 27%, and natural gas 12% of the total electric grid generation in Mozambique (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Nhantumbo, Clemencio, et al.
(author)
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A simplified model to estimate the concentration of inorganic ions and heavy metals in rivers
- 2016
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In: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 8:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a model that uses only pH, alkalinity, and temperature to estimate the concentrations of major ions in rivers (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3 -, SO4 2-, Cl-, and NO3 -) together with the equilibrium concentrations of minor ions and heavy metals (Fe3+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Pb2+, and Zn2+). Mining operations have been increasing, which has led to changes in the pollution loads to receiving water systems, meanwhile most developing countries cannot afford water quality monitoring. A possible solution is to implement less resource-demanding monitoring programs, supported by mathematical models that minimize the required sampling and analysis, while still being able to detect water quality changes, thereby allowing implementation of measures to protect the water resources. The present model was developed using existing theories for: (i) carbonate equilibrium; (ii) total alkalinity; (iii) statistics of major ions; (iv) solubility of minerals; and (v) conductivity of salts in water. The model includes two options to estimate the concentrations of major ions: (1) a generalized method, which employs standard values from a world-wide data base; and (2) a customized method, which requires specific baseline data for the river of interest. The model was tested using data from four monitoring stations in Swedish rivers with satisfactory results.
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| 7. |
- Nhantumbo, Clemencio, et al.
(author)
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A Simplified Model to Simulate pH and Alkalinity in the Mixing Zone Downstream of an Acidic Discharge
- 2018
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In: Mine Water and the Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1025-9112 .- 1616-1068. ; 37:3, s. 552-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A modelling methodology was developed that simulates the resulting pH and alkalinity in the mixing zone when acidic water is discharged into a river. The input to the model are the: pH, alkalinity, flow, and temperature of both the river water and the acidic discharge. Two different scenarios were simulated: (1) a change of pH in the acidic discharge, assuming constant flow; and (2) a change in the flow of the acidic discharge, assuming constant pH. The model incorporates the effect of carbonic acid and the modelled values agree well with the laboratory results. The model setup was subsequently used to predict the anticipated effect of contamination of the Zambezi River in Mozambique. The results indicate that the river will be impacted if the average pH of the water in the tributaries coming from the mining area is below 3. The model could be used by water managers to predict the potential impact of acidic discharges in poorly monitored rivers.
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| 8. |
- Palalane, Jaime, et al.
(author)
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Coastal Erosion in Mozambique : Governing Processes and Remedial Measures
- 2016
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In: Journal of Coastal Research. - 0749-0208. ; 32:3, s. 700-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coastal erosion in Mozambique: Governing processes and remedial measures. Mozambique's 2800-km-long coastline comes with associated vulnerability to coastal erosion, their processes, and resulting evolution. In fact, coastal erosion has been identified as a dominant phenomenon in the Mozambican coastal system. It is driven by a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic actions. Despite the significant vulnerability and the implications to national economic development, very few technical or scientific studies are available about the country. This paper contributes with insights about the erosion of the vast Mozambican coast by analysing the dominant threats to the coast. The analysis is based upon a detailed review of the situation at five locations on the Mozambican coast already experiencing shoreline recession. The study also analyses the existing legal framework and institutional arrangement for coastal planning and management, as well as critical aspects for effective implementation of coastal protection initiatives. Further, historical and current practices in coastal protection are evaluated. In conclusion, coastal erosion due to natural causes will continue to challenge coastal planners and managers in Mozambique, compounded by a lack of planning or poor planning for coastal developments and resulting anthropogenic impacts. Strong coastal retreat rates exceeding 1 m/y have been observed in some places, as compared to 0.4 m/y due to natural causes. To manage coastal erosion in a more integrated way, there is a need to focus on improving the existing legal instruments and the coordination among all the stakeholders, and to increase the knowledge base. There is also a need to disseminate information among decision makers and coastal planners, specifically, that soft coastlines demand soft protection measures, as hard and semihard structures have been prioritised in coastal protection interventions. In addition, the planning for coastal developments should ensure a better integration of environmental, social, and financial components, and always consider the impact of local solutions at wider temporal and spatial scales.
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