| 1. |
- Carinelli, S., et al.
(author)
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Yoctomole electrochemical genosensing of Ebola virus cDNA by rolling circle and circle to circle amplification
- 2017
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In: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 93, s. 65-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work addresses the design of an Ebola diagnostic test involving a simple, rapid, specific and highly sensitive procedure based on isothermal amplification on magnetic particles with electrochemical readout. Ebola padlock probes were designed to detect a specific L-gene sequence present in the five most common Ebola species. Ebola cDNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) on magnetic particles. Further re-amplification was performed by circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA) and the products were detected in a double-tagging approach using a biotinylated capture probe for immobilization on magnetic particles and a readout probe for electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry on commercial screen-printed electrodes. The electrochemical genosensor was able to detect as low as 200 ymol, corresponding to 120 cDNA molecules of L-gene Ebola virus with a limit of detection of 33 cDNA molecules. The isothermal double-amplification procedure by C2CA combined with the electrochemical readout and the magnetic actuation enables the high sensitivity, resulting in a rapid, inexpensive, robust and user-friendly sensing strategy that offers a promising approach for the primary care in low resource settings, especially in less developed countries.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Wei-Ting, et al.
(author)
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Spatial Transcriptomics and In Situ Sequencing to Study Alzheimer's Disease
- 2020
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In: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 182:4, s. 976-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although complex inflammatory-like alterations are observed around the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about the molecular changes and cellular interactions that characterize this response, We investigate here, in an AD mouse model, the transcriptional changes occurring in tissue domains in a 100-mu m diameter around amyloid plaques using spatial transcriptomics. We demonstrate early alterations in a gene co-expression network enriched for myelin and oligodendrocyte genes (OLIGs), whereas a multicellular gene co-expression network of plaque-induced genes (PIGs) involving the complement system, oxidative stress, lysosomes, and inflammation is prominent in the later phase of the disease. We confirm the majority of the observed alterations at the cellular level using in situ sequencing on mouse and human brain sections. Genome-wide spatial transcriptomics analysis provides an unprecedented approach to untangle the dysregulated cellular network in the vicinity of pathogenic hallmarks of AD and other brain diseases.
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| 3. |
- Clausson, Carl-Magnus, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Compaction of rolling circle amplification products increases signal integrity and signal–to–noise ratio
- 2015
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5, s. 12317:1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rolling circle amplification (RCA) for generation of distinct fluorescent signals in situ relies upon the self-collapsing properties of single-stranded DNA in commonly used RCA-based methods. By introducing a cross-hybridizing DNA oligonucleotide during rolling circle amplification, we demonstrate that the fluorophore-labeled RCA products (RCPs) become smaller. The reduced size of RCPs increases the local concentration of fluorophores and as a result, the signal intensity increases together with the signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, we have found that RCPs sometimes tend to disintegrate and may be recorded as several RCPs, a trait that is prevented with our cross-hybridizing DNA oligonucleotide. These effects generated by compaction of RCPs improve accuracy of visual as well as automated in situ analysis for RCA based methods, such as proximity ligation assays (PLA) and padlock probes.
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| 4. |
- Krzywkowski, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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Chimeric padlock and iLock probes for increased efficiency of targeted RNA detection
- 2019
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In: RNA. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1355-8382 .- 1469-9001. ; 25:1, s. 82-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many approaches exist to detect RNA using complementary oligonucleotides. DNA ligation-based techniques can improve discrimination of subtle sequence variations, but they have been difficult to implement for direct RNA analysis due to the infidelity and inefficiency of most DNA ligases on RNA. In this report, we have systematically studied if ribonucleotide substitutions in padlock probes can provide higher catalytic efficiencies for Chlorella virus DNA ligase (PBCV-1DNA ligase) and T4 RNA ligase 2 (T4Rnl2) on RNA. We provide broad characterization of end-joining fidelity for both enzymes in RNA-templated 3'-OH RNA/5'-pDNA chimeric probe ligation. Both ligases showed increased ligation efficiency toward chimeric substrates on RNA. However, end-joining fidelity of PBCV-1 DNA ligase remained poor, while T4Rnl2 showed a somewhat better end-joining fidelity compared to PBCV-1 DNA ligase. The recently presented invader padlock (iLock) probes overcome the poor end-joining fidelity of PBCV-1 DNA ligase by the requirement of target-dependent 5' flap removal prior to ligation. Here we show that two particular ribonucleotide substitutions greatly improve the activation and ligation rate of chimeric iLock probes on RNA. We characterized the end-joining efficiency and fidelity of PBCV-1 DNA ligase and T4Rnl2 with chimeric iLock probes on RNA and found that both enzymes exhibit high ligation fidelities for single nucleotide poly-morphisms on RNA. Finally, we applied the chimeric probe concept to directly differentiate between human and mouse ACTB mRNA in situ, demonstrating chimeric padlock and iLock probes as superior to their DNA equivalents.
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| 5. |
- Krzywkowski, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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Detection of miRNAs using chimeric DNA/RNA iLock probes utilizing novel activity of PBCV-1 DNA ligase : RNA-templated ligation of ssRNA
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Accurate detection of miRNAs with complementary probes is challenging due to the short target size, and often high sequence similarity between isoforms belonging to the same miRNA family. Ligation based methods can provide powerful discrimination of subtle sequence variation among target sequences, but they have been difficult to implement for direct RNA analysis due to the sloppiness and inefficiency of most DNA ligases on RNA substrates. In this work, we have studied if RNA substitutions in padlock probes can provide higher catalytic efficiencies for PBCV-1 DNA ligase on RNA substrates. We also characterise end-joining fidelity for Chlorella virus DNA ligase (PBCV DNA ligase 1) and T4RNA ligase 2 (T4Rnl2) in RNA-templated 3'-OH RNA/5’-pDNA chimeric probe ligation. Although we observed considerable ligation efficiency improvement towards short miRNA targets for PBCV-1 ligated chimeric probes, it showed no sequence specificity towards mismatches at the ligation junction. T4Rnl2 showed some base discrimination, but not satisfactory for robust RNA sequence analysis. To increase end-joining fidelity in PBCV-1 DNA ligase catalysed direct RNA detection assays (iLock probes), we have recently introduced an alternative ligation assay design in which ligation probes first undergo sequence- specific 5’ FLAP removal in order to create ligatable substrates. We have tested various chimeric iLock probe designs where RNA substitutions were introduced at different positions in the FLAP and at the ligation junction. We defined two particular nucleotide positions in the iLock probe sequence that when substituted with RNA, significantly increased iLock probe activation and ligation. We further characterized the end-joining fidelity of PBCV-1 and T4Rnl2 catalysed iLock reactions. Both enzymes showed high ligation fidelities for single nucleotide polymorphisms on RNA and miRNA. Finally, we demonstrate a multiplexed chimeric iLock probe miRNA profiling assay using sequencing-by-ligation as readout.
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| 6. |
- Krzywkowski, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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Limited reverse transcriptase activity of phi29 DNA polymerase
- 2018
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In: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 46:7, s. 3625-3632
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phi29 (Phi 29) DNA polymerase is an enzyme commonly used in DNA amplification methods such as rolling circle amplification (RCA) and multiple strand displacement amplification (MDA), as well as in DNA sequencing methods such as single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing. Here, we report the ability of phi29 DNA polymerase to amplify RNA-containing circular substrates during RCA. We found that circular substrates with single RNA substitutions are amplified at a similar amplification rate as non-chimeric DNA substrates, and that consecutive RNA pyrimidines were generally preferred over purines. We observed RCA suppression with higher number of ribonucleotide substitutions, which was partially restored by interspacing RNA bases with DNA. We show that supplementing manganese ions as cofactor supports replication of RNAs during RCA. Sequencing of the RCA products demonstrated accurate base incorporation at the RNA base with both Mn2+ and Mg2+ as cofactors during replication, proving reverse transcriptase activity of the phi29 DNA polymerase. In summary, the ability of phi29 DNA polymerase to accept RNA-containing substrates broadens the spectrum of applications for phi29 DNA polymerase-mediated RCA. These include amplification of chimeric circular probes, such as padlock probes and molecular inversion probes.
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| 7. |
- Krzywkowski, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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Reverse-transcriptase activity of Phi29 DNA polymerase
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- F29 (Phi29) DNA polymerase is an enzyme commonly used in DNA amplification methods such as rolling circle amplification (RCA) and multiple strand displacement amplification (MDA), as well as in DNA sequencing methods such as single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Here we report the ability of F29 DNA polymerase to amplify partially RNA-containing circular substrates during RCA. We found that circular substrates with single RNA substitutions support a similar amplification rate as pure DNA substrates. We observed that increasing the number of consecutive RNA substitutions in the circular templates suppress replication, and cannot be recovered by addition of M-MuLV reverse-transcriptase. In summary, this novel ability of F29 to accept RNA-containing substrates broadens the spectrum of applications for F29 mediated RCA. Applications include amplification of chimeric circular probes, such as padlock probes and molecular inversion probes.
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| 8. |
- Kuhnemund, Malte, et al.
(author)
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Circle-to-circle amplification on a digital microfluidic chip for amplified single molecule detection
- 2014
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In: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 14:16, s. 2983-2992
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We demonstrate a novel digital microfluidic nucleic acid amplification concept which is based on padlock probe mediated DNA detection and isothermal circle-to-circle amplification (C2CA). This assay platform combines two digital approaches. First, digital microfluidic manipulation of droplets which serve as micro-reaction chambers and shuttling magnetic particles between these droplets facilitates the integration of complex solid phase multistep assays. We demonstrate an optimized novel particle extraction and transfer protocol for superparamagnetic particles on a digital microfluidic chip that allows for nearly 100% extraction efficiencies securing high assay performance. Second, the compartmentalization required for digital single molecule detection is solved by simple molecular biological means, circumventing the need for complex microfabrication procedures necessary for most, if not all, other digital nucleic acid detection methods. For that purpose, padlock probes are circularized in a strictly target dependent ligation reaction and amplified through two rounds of rotting circle amplification, including an intermediate digestion step. The reaction results in hundreds of 500 nm sized individually countable DNA nanospheres per detected target molecule. We demonstrate that integrated miniaturized digital microfluidic C2CA results in equally high numbers of C2CA products mu L-1 as off-chip tube control experiments indicating high assay performance without signal loss. As low as 1 aM synthetic Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA was detected with a linear dynamic range over 4 orders of magnitude up to 10 fM proving excellent suitability for infectious disease diagnostics.
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| 9. |
- Kuhnemund, Malte, et al.
(author)
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Digital quantification of rolling circle amplified single DNA molecules in a resistive pulse sensing nanopore
- 2015
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In: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 67, s. 11-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Novel portable, sensitive and selective DNA sensor methods for bio-sensing applications are required that can rival conventionally used non-portable and expensive fluorescence-based sensors. In this paper, rolling circle amplification (RCA) products are detected in solution and on magnetic particles using a resistive pulse sensing (RPS) nanopore. Low amounts of DNA molecules are detected by padlock probes which are circularized in a strictly target dependent ligation reaction. The DNA-padlock probe-complex is captured on magnetic particles by sequence specific capture oligonucleotides and amplified by a short RCA. Subsequent RPS analysis is used to identify individual particles with single attached RCA products from blank particles. This proof of concept opens up for a novel non-fluorescent digital DNA quantification method that can have many applications in bio-sensing and diagnostic approaches.
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| 10. |
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