| 1. |
- Georgakis, Marios K., et al.
(författare)
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Age at menopause and duration of reproductive period in association with dementia and cognitive function : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 73, s. 224-243
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The preponderance of dementia among postmenopausal women compared with same-age men and the female sex hormones neuroprotective properties support a tentative role of their deficiency in the dementia pathogenesis. Methods: Pairs of independent reviewers screened 12,323 publications derived from a search strategy for MEDLINE to identify articles investigating the association of age at menopause/reproductive period with (i) dementia and (ii) cognitive function; a snowball of eligible articles and reviews was conducted and authors were contacted for additional information. Random-effect models were used for the meta analysis. Results: Age at menopause (13 studies; 19,449 participants) and reproductive period (4 studies; 9916 participants) in the highest categories were not associated with odds of dementia (effect size [ES]: 0.97 [0.78-1.21]) and Alzheimer's disease (ES: 1.06 [0.71-1.58]). Significant heterogeneity was however noted in both analyses (12: 63.3%, p = 0.003 and 12: 72.6%, p = 0.01, respectively). Subgroup analyses by outcome assessment, study design, level of adjustment and study quality did not materially change the findings. In 9/13 studies assessing cognitive function, advanced age at menopause/longer reproductive period was significantly associated with better cognitive performance/lower decline. Due to statistical differences, no meta-analysis was possible for cognitive function. Conclusions: Existing evidence does not support an association between indices of prolonged exposure to female hormones and lower dementia risk. There are indications, however, for better cognitive performance and delayed cognitive decline, supporting a link between female hormone deficiency and cognitive aging. Current literature limitations, indicated by the heterogeneous study-set, point towards research priorities in this clinically relevant area.
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| 2. |
- Georgakis, Marios K, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Age at Menopause and Duration of Reproductive Period With Depression After Menopause : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 73:2, s. 139-149
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Estrogens have neuroprotective and antidepressive effects; however, associations between indices of reduced endogenous estrogens and risk for postmenopausal depression have not been systematically explored.Objective: To investigate the association of age at menopause and the duration of the reproductive period with the risk for depression among postmenopausal women with naturally occurring menopause.Data Sources: A search strategy for use of MEDLINE was developed (through January 1, 2015) using the key terms menopause, climacteric, reproductive period, depression, and mood disorders. References of included studies and reviews were also screened; authors were contacted to maximize synthesized evidence.Study Selection: A total of 12 323 articles, without language restriction, were screened by pairs of reviewers to identify observational studies related to the study hypothesis; 14 studies were eligible for meta-analysis.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Pairs of reviewers independently extracted information on study design and type of analysis by participants' characteristics and methods of depression ascertainment. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and fixed- or random-effects models were implemented.Main Outcomes and Measures: Pooled-effect estimates for depression, defined by psychiatric evaluation or validated instruments, by age at menopause and duration of the reproductive period.Results: The 14 studies included in the meta-analysis represented 67 714 women. An inverse association (reported as odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI of 2-year increments) with depression in postmenopausal women was shown for increasing age at menopause (0.98; 0.96-0.99 [67 434 unique participants; 13 studies]) and duration of the reproductive period (0.98; 0.96-0.99 [54 715 unique participants; 5 studies]). Menopause at age 40 or more years compared with premature menopause was associated with a 50% decreased risk for depression (3033 unique participants; 4 studies). Pooling of studies examining severe depression showed a 5% decrease in risk of severe depression with increasing (2-year increment) age at menopause (52 736 unique participants; 3 studies); sensitivity analysis of studies controlling for past depression revealed similar results for age at menopause (0.98; 0.96-1.00 [48 894 unique participants; 3 studies). No heterogeneity or publication bias was evident in the main analyses.Conclusions and Relevance: Longer exposure to endogenous estrogens, expressed as older age at menopause and longer reproductive period, is associated with a lower risk of depression in later life. Identifying women at higher risk for depression due to early menopause who could benefit from psychiatric intervention or estrogen-based therapies could be useful in the clinical setting.
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| 3. |
- Kalogirou, S., et al.
(författare)
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Bycatch Dynamics from a Small-Scale Shrimp Trap Fishery in the Mediterranean Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diversity. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-2818. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in the Mediterranean and Black seas play a significant social and economic role, representing 84% of the fishing fleet (70,000 vessels), 26% of total revenue (USD 633 million) and 60% of total employment (150,000 people), with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recently taking important initiatives to sustain livelihoods. Effective management of important natural fisheries resources that sustain livelihoods requires a holistic approach account-ing for all parts of the catch. Quantitative data on seasonal catch dynamics together with classification of bycatch species to IUCN vulnerability status and associated revenues from retained incidental catch were used to reveal the effect of a small-scale shrimp trap fishery on bycatch. We use three main quantitative variables (i.e., density, biomass and number of bycatch species) and show a positive correlation between bycatch and the seasonal catch dynamics of the target species during late spring and summer. On the contrary, discards were proportionally lower during winter, with the majority of discarded fish species not considered endangered. Six retained species in spring– summer and five discarded species in winter were found to modulate the structure of species’ as-semblage. Out of 55 bycatch species, 26 were retained and 29 discarded. Only four species were considered threatened, all of which were caught in very low numbers (<2 individuals), while the majority of the retained species was not considered endangered. The rapid sorting time (<1 min/per trap) pointed towards a decreased effect on certain discarded crustacean species and a significant reduction in total bycatch with timely haul time (from 71 to 47%). The results of this study can be used when considering future mitigation measures for this fishery, while the methodology used can provide insights into the management of similar trap fisheries worldwide when taking into account the sustainability of SSFs and the regional vulnerability status of bycatch species.
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| 4. |
- Kalogirou, S., et al.
(författare)
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Shrimp trap selectivity in a Mediterranean small-scale-fishery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836. ; 211, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale shrimp trap fisheries, which have received very little attention in areas with limited potential for economic diversification, could offer a sustainable and socially beneficial option for profitable businesses in these regions. This study explores the effect of mesh size on selectivity of the commercially important narwal shrimp, Plesionika narval, in the Mediterranean Sea. Three different mesh sizes (8 × 8, 12 × 12 and 12 × 25 mm) were tested in fishing trials, with a theoretical Minimum Landing Size (MLS) using a defined maturity size of 12 mm to support interpretation of the results. Using the retention rates and the estimations on population fractions above and below MLS, we show that the use of the smallest- and largest-sized meshes would not support sustainable or efficient fishery. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in capture probability of undersized narwal shrimps with increased mesh size. The medium-sized mesh traps prove to be the best compromise for the fishery with high catch efficiency of commercial size shrimp and a low capture probability of undersized individuals. The results outlined in this article could be used to develop management plans for small-scale trap fisheries as a basis for developing viable enterprises in remote coastal communities. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Kalogirou, S., et al.
(författare)
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Spatial and temporal distribution of narwal shrimp Plesionika narval (Decapoda, Pandalidae) in the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Regional Studies in Marine Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4855. ; 16, s. 240-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Aegean Sea the trap fishery for narwal shrimp, Plesionika narval, contributes to social and cultural cohesion of local fishery communities. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of narwal shrimp was studied during an annual cycle, including catch per unit effort (CPUE), sex ratio and proportion of ovigerous females in the population. Shrimps were sampled at five localities within the depth range of 10 to 170 m. Catch per unit effort increased during the summer period at all depths, when seawater temperature increase. Differences in CPUE were observed between depths, with highest catches at depths below 70 m. The proportion of females decreased significantly with depth, a pattern especially evident during the summer period (May to August), indicating a migration of females to shallower waters. Significant higher abundance of ovigerous females was observed during the period May to October, concurrently with a vertical migration of females to warmer waters. To further support this pattern, the proportion of ovigerous individuals among females increased with decreased depth at all seasons. We suggest that the findings of our study have significant implications to current and future management of narwal shrimp in the Mediterranean Sea. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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| 6. |
- Karalexi, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal fetal loss history and increased acute leukemia subtype risk in subsequent offspring : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : SPRINGER. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 28:6, s. 599-624
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose History of fetal loss including miscarriage and stillbirth has been inconsistently associated with childhood (0-14 years) leukemia in subsequent offspring. A quantitative synthesis of the inconclusive literature by leukemia subtype was therefore conducted. Methods Eligible studies (N = 32) were identified through the screening of over 3500 publications. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on the association of miscarriage/stillbirth history with overall (AL; 18,868 cases/35,685 controls), acute lymphoblastic (ALL; 16,150 cases/38,655 controls), and myeloid (AML; 3042 cases/32,997 controls) leukemia. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses by age and ALL subtype, as well as meta-regression were undertaken. Results Fetal loss history was associated with increased AL risk [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.04-1.18]. The positive association was seen for ALL (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.05-1.19) and for AML (OR 1.13, 95%CI 0.91-1.41); for the latter the OR increased in sensitivity analyses. Notably, stillbirth history was significantly linked to ALL risk (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.02-1.74), but not AML. By contrast, the association of ALL and AML with previous miscarriage reached marginal significance. The association of miscarriage history was strongest in infant ALL (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.19-4.60). Conclusions In this meta-analysis involving > 50,000 children, we found noteworthy associations by indices of fetal loss, age at diagnosis, and leukemia type; namely, of stillbirth with ALL and miscarriage history with infant ALL. Elucidation of plausible underlying mechanisms may provide insight into leukemia pathogenesis and indicate monitoring interventions prior to and during pregnancy.
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| 7. |
- Perkoulidis, G., et al.
(författare)
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Integrated assessment of a new Waste-to-Energy facility in Central Greece in the context of regional perspectives
- 2010
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 30:7, s. 1395-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this study is the integrated assessment of a proposed Waste-to-Energy facility that could contribute in the Municipal Solid Waste Management system of the Region of Central Greece. In the context of this paper alternative transfer schemes for supplying the candidate facility were assessed considering local conditions and economical criteria. A mixed-integer linear programming model was applied for the determination of optimum locations of Transfer Stations for an efficient supplying chain between the waste producers and the Waste-to-Energy facility. Moreover different Regional Waste Management Scenarios were assessed against multiple criteria, via the Multi Criteria Decision Making method ELECTRE III. The chosen criteria were total cost, Biodegradable Municipal Waste diversion from landfill, energy recovery and Greenhouse Gas emissions and the analysis demonstrated that a Waste Management Scenario based on a Waste-to-Energy plant with an adjacent landfill for disposal of the residues would be the best performing option for the Region, depending however on the priorities of the decision makers. In addition the study demonstrated that efficient planning is necessary and the case of three sanitary landfills operating in parallel with the WtE plant in the study area should be avoided. Moreover alternative cases of energy recovery of the candidate Waste-to-Energy facility were evaluated against the requirements of the new European Commission Directive on waste in order for the facility to be recognized as recovery operation. The latter issue is of high significance and the decision makers in European Union countries should take it into account from now on, in order to plan and implement facilities that recover energy efficiently. Finally a sensitivity check was performed in order to evaluate the effects of increased recycling rate, on the calorific value of treated Municipal Solid Waste and the gate fee of the candidate plant and found that increased recycling efforts would not diminish the potential for incineration with energy recovery from waste and neither would have adverse impacts on the gate fee of the Waste-to-Energy plant. In general, the study highlighted the need for efficient planning in solid waste management, by taking into account multiple criteria and parameters and utilizing relevant tools and methodologies into this context
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