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| 2. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 3. |
- Backman, Ellen, MSc, 1981-
(author)
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Ordinary mealtimes under extraordinary circumstances : Routines and rituals of nutrition, feeding and eating in children with a gastrostomy and their families
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to explore routines and rituals related to feeding, eating, and mealtimes in families that have a child with a gastrostomy tube (G-tube), from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, the children, and their parents. The thesis is based on four empirical studies. Study I is a longitudinal, quantitative study with the aim to describe children with developmental or acquired disorders receiving a G-tube, and to compare characteristics, contacts with healthcare professionals, and longitudinal eating outcomes. Findings from Study I demonstrated that children with developmental disorders needed G-tube feeding for longer than children with acquired disorders. Children with developmental disorders were also younger at G-tube placement, and had more multidisciplinary healthcare. These findings led to the subsequent studies focused specifically on children with developmental disorders. Study II applies mixed methods and explores everyday life, health care, and intervention goals during the first year following G-tube placement through the documentation in medical records. In Studies III and IV, the experiences of family mealtimes for children with a G-tube and their parents are collected through individual interviews that are analysed qualitatively. Triangulation of methods, participants, researchers, and data across the four studies is applied to search for confirmation between findings, as well as to identify areas of discrepancy. Ecocultural theory, the WHO framework ICF, and the concept of participation form the conceptual framework of the thesis. Taken together, findings from the studies describe how the main experiences of feeding, eating, and mealtime relate to specific impairments of the child, the collective value attached to family mealtimes, and the parental responsibility to harmonise competing interests and conflicts among family members and/or healthcare professionals. This thesis extends previous research by focusing on the ecocultural context of the child in combination with a dimensional understanding of health. The findings shed light on measures taken by the families themselves to adjust to and handle their daily lives, as well as spell out areas where more support is needed. Furthermore, this thesis suggests that an expanded focus on children’s participation in everyday mealtimes, and in the healthcare follow-up of G-tube feeding, is important in enhancing intervention outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Bujacz, Aleksandra, et al.
(author)
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Does Creativity Make You Happy? The Influence of Creative Activity on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-being
- 2014
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In: Journal of European Psychology Students. - London : Ubiquity Press. - 2222-6931. ; 5:2, s. 19-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate if a change in psychological well-being can result from engagement in creative activity. In an online experimental study participants will be randomly assigned to solve either a creative or a non-creative task. Their experience of completing the task will be compared with their average daily well-being level. Involvement in a creative task is expected to boost both positive feelings (hedonic well-being) and good functioning (eudaimonic well-being). Personal characteristics, such as a need for closure, and task features, e.g. difficulty level, will also be tested for their moderating effects.
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| 5. |
- Bujacz, Aleksandra, et al.
(author)
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Why do we enjoy creative tasks? Results from a multigroup randomized controlled study
- 2016
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In: Thinking Skills and Creativity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1871 .- 1878-0423. ; 19, s. 188-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have linked positive emotions with creativity, but it remains unknown why creative activities may enhance positive emotions. We tested how creative tasks influence autonomous self-expression and task absorption, and whether this in turn increases positive emotions. Data from 478 participants were divided into four language samples (English, German, Italian, and Polish) and analyzed in a series of multigroup structural equation models. The indirect effects were replicated in all samples. Creative tasks enhanced positive emotions through an increase in autonomy. However, participants who solved creative tasks also reported lower task absorption, and this has hindered their experience of positive emotions. In total, a small increase of positive emotions was recorded for creative tasks in comparison to non-creative ones. We suggest that creative activities may support autonomous functioning and enhance positive emotions, given that participants will stay sufficiently focused on the task.
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| 6. |
- Guath, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Pupil dilation during negative prediction errors is related to brain choline concentration and depressive symptoms in adolescents
- 2023
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In: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 436
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Depressive symptoms are associated with altered pupillary responses during learning and reward prediction as well as with changes in neurometabolite levels, including brain concentrations of choline, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the full link between depressive symptoms, reward-learning-related pupillary responses and neurometabolites is yet to be established as these constructs have not been assessed in the same individuals. The present pilot study, investigated these relations in a sample of 24 adolescents aged 13 years. Participants completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and underwent a reward learning task while measuring pupil dilation and a single voxel dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) MEGA-PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan assessing choline, glutamate and GABA concentrations. Pupil dilation was related to prediction errors (PE) during learning, which was captured by a prediction error-weighted pupil dilation response index (PE-PDR) for each individual. Higher PE-PDR scores, indicating larger pupil dilations to negative prediction errors, were related to lower depressive symptoms and lower dACC choline concentrations. Dorsal ACC choline was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas glutamate and GABA were not related to PE-PDR or depressive symptoms. The findings support notions of cholinergic involvement in depressive symptoms and cholinergic influence on reward-related pupillary response, suggesting that pupillary responses to negative prediction errors may hold promise as a biomarker of depressive states.
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| 7. |
- Hellman, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Svenska erfarenheter av rivning samt återvinning av vägmaterial i nya vägar
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- DIRECT-MAT (Dismantling and Recycling Techniques for Road Materials - Sharing knowledge and practices) is a European project in the Seventh Framework Programme. The project consists of 20 partners in 15 countries. The purpose of this project is, in a European perspective, share knowledge and experiences about recycling of road materials into new roads. The results will be presented in a web-based database where manuals, guides, national documents, references and literature studies are easily accessible. Case studies that exemplify the practical use of methods from the participating countries will also be available.The project is divided into four groups that concentrate on recycling of different types of road materials. They are: - unbound road materials, - hydraulically-bound road materials, - asphalt-based materials, - other materials (e.g. ash, slag, rubber tires, contaminated sediment and vegetation from ditches).This VTI report summarizes the Swedish experience of demolition, and recycling of road materials for use in new roads.
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| 8. |
- Helmrot, Ebba
(author)
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Systematic analysis of a radiological diagnostic system : A method for application in the effective use of x-rays in intraoral radiology
- 1996
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The effective use of an imaging system in diagnostic radiology implies an optimisation process. This demands knowledge and relevant descriptions of the various components, the X -ray units, the objects and receptors. Thus, in this work photon energy spectra have been measured, phantomsresembling human tissue constructed and receptor characteristics investigated. Essential image quality parameters (contrast, signal-to-noise ratio) and a radiation risk indicator for the patient (energyimparted) have been defined and their variation with photon energy spectrum determined for different objects and details. Results are presented as basic infonnation to be used by radiologists in collaboration with physicists in optimising examinations according to the patient and the particular diagnostic task. For intraoral radiology with Ultra-speed fihn, it is shown that to achieve equalised radiographic contrasts of an ivory wedge, kV-settings have to be decreased by 5-8 kV when single pulse X-ray generators are replaced by high-frequency constant potential ones. When imaging the ivory wedge in a PMMA phantom with Ektaspeed and Ultra-speed films at equal contrast, 7-9 kV lower kV-setting must be used with the Ektaspeed film. Ektaspeed film then gives a 35-40% decrease in the energy imparted tothe patient which can be compared to 45-55% decrease observed if the loss of contrast is not compensated for by lowering the kV-setting. Comparison of the contrasts of both films shows that Ultra-speed has higher contrast than Ektaspeed, but the latter has a wider dynamic range and higher values of base and fog optical densities, which contribute to its lower contrast at low optical densities. The radiographic contrast of details in the object is the product of object and film contrast. Objectcontrast depends on photon energy and is the same for both films. The energy imparted to the patient is calculated using conversion factors derived in this work. To simulate the large variety of anatomical structures encountered in intraoral radiology, a multimaterial compound hard tissue phantom was constructed. The constituent elements and their fractions by weight were carefully determined so as to allow computational methods to be used tocomplement experimental data. Different types of imaging system imply different optimal photon energy spectra. Strategies of optimising photon energy spectra with respect to image quality parameters and patient dose are described for both fihn and a digital system (Digora) using an imaging plate. In the digital system, the characteristics of the receptor affect image acquisition similarly to film but digitalized image formation and display may limit image quality (contrast resolution).
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| 9. |
- Humbert, Marion, et al.
(author)
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Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells established in early childhood decline with age
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells have been identified in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, potentially modulating COVID-19 and vaccination outcomes. Here, we provide evidence that functional cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is established in early childhood, mirroring early seroconversion with seasonal human coronavirus OC43. Humoral and cellular immune responses against OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed children (paired samples at age two and six) and adults (age 26 to 83). Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cell responses targeting spike, nucleocapsid, and membrane were closely linked to the frequency of OC43-specific memory CD4+ T cells in childhood. The functional quality of the cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike, but not nucleocapsid, paralleled OC43-specific T cell responses. OC43-specific antibodies were prevalent already at age two. However, they did not increase further with age, contrasting with the antibody magnitudes against HKU1 (β-coronavirus), 229E and NL63 (α-coronaviruses), rhinovirus, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and influenza virus, which increased after age two. The quality of the memory CD4+ T cell responses peaked at age six and subsequently declined with age, with diminished expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and CD38 in late adulthood. Age-dependent qualitative differences in the pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell responses may reflect the ability of the host to control coronavirus infections and respond to vaccination. Copyright © 2023 the Author(s).
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| 10. |
- Identeg, Fredrik, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Patterns of traumatic outdoor rock-climbing injuries in Sweden between 2008 and 2019
- 2021
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In: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2197-1153. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Injury prevalence patterns for climbers have been presented in several papers but results are heterogenous largely due to a mix of included climbing disciplines and injury mechanisms. This study describes the distribution and pattern of acute traumatic climbing injuries sustained during outdoor climbing in Sweden. Methods Patients that experienced a climbing related traumatic injury during outdoor climbing between 2008 and 2019 and who submitted a self-reported questionnaire to the Swedish Climbing Association were included in the study. Medical records were retrieved, and the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation injury classification system was used for injury presentation. Results Thirty-eight patients were included in the study. Seven (18%) injuries occurred during traditional climbing, 13 (34%) during sport climbing and 9 (24%) during bouldering. Varying with climbing discipline, 84-100% injuries were caused by falls. Injuries of the foot and ankle accounted for 72-100% of the injuries. Fractures were the most common injury (60%) followed by sprains (17%) and contusions (10%). Conclusions Traumatic injuries sustained during outdoor climbing in Sweden were predominantly caused by falls and affected the lower extremities in all major outdoor climbing disciplines. Rope management errors as a cause of injury were common in sport climbing and in activity surrounding the climbing, indicating there is room for injury-preventing measures.
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