| 1. |
- Karlsson, Daniel M G, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of tissue movement on laser Doppler perfusion imaging
- 2002
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In: <em></em><em>Proc. SPIE</em> 4624, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing of Biological Fluids and Glucose and Cholesterol Monitoring II, 106 (May 24, 2002), Vol. 4624. - : SPIE. ; , s. 106-114, s. 106-114
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The microvascular perfusion can be measured using laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDF), a technique sensitive to the concentration of moving blood cells and their velocity. However, movements of the tissue itself can cause artifacts in the perfusion readings. In a clinical situation, these movement induced artifacts may arise from patient movements or from movements of internal organs e.g. the intestines or the beating heart. Therefore, we have studied how a well-controlled tissue movement affects the LDF signals during different flow conditions and for different surface structures. Tissue perfusion was recorded non-touch in one point using a laser Doppler perfusion imager. During the measurements the object was placed on a shaker that generated the movement (both horizontal and vertical). Measurements were carried out both on DELRIN® (polyacetal plastic) and the fingertip, for a wide range of velocities (0-3 cm/s). The influence of the microvascular perfusion was evaluated by occluding the brachial artery as well as blood emptying the finger and by using a flow model. The LDF signals were correlated to the movement. In vivo measurements showed that velocities above 0.8 cm/s gave a significant contribution to the perfusion signal. Corresponding velocities for the DELRIN® piece were higher (1.4 – 2.6 cm/s), and dependent on the surface structures and reflecting properties. By reducing the amount of specular reflection the movement influence was substantially lowered.
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| 2. |
- Bryllert, Tomas, 1974, et al.
(author)
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220-GHz imaging radar with 1 Hz frame rate using an array of homodyne transceivers
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 10634
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a 220 GHz imaging radar prototype that has been developed in the European Defense Agency (EDA) project TIPPSI. The purpose of the development was to demonstrate short-range high-resolution 3D imaging for security applications at checkpoints, and to guide the development of stand-off real-time millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave imaging systems for detection of larger objects at greater distances. An additional goal was to experimentally verify simulation techniques for active (sub)-mmw imaging systems, the verified simulation techniques can then be used to explore different system architectures. The 220 GHz imaging radar prototype consist of a flexible, mechanically scanned optical system that can support linear arrays of transmit/receive (TxRx) units up to 150 mm in length. The optical system is divided into two parts: A compact Dragonian system including the mechanical scanner that can be used as a stand-alone imager at reduced target distance and resolution, and a confocal system that can be added to achieve the full resolution of 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm at 4.5 m target distance. The field of view of the full resolution system is 70 cm x 70 cm. The front-end is currently populated by 4 TxRx units that are sparsely distributed along the 150 mm focal plane. The TxRx units operate in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mode and have a bandwidth of 24 GHz. Each TxRx unit use a single horn antenna and the transmit- and receive signals are generated and received using the same circuits which avoids the need of a duplexer. We will demonstrate high resolution 3D videos taken at 1 Hz frame rate and compare the individual images with simulations using electromagnetic simulators and character/clothes animation.
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| 3. |
- Cumlin, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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From SARS-CoV-2 to Global Preparedness : A Graphical Interface for Standardised High-Throughput Bioinformatics Analysis in Pandemic Scenarios and Surveillance of Drug Resistance
- 2024
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 25:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a rapid, convenient, and scalable diagnostic method for detecting a novel pathogen amidst a global pandemic. While command-line interface tools offer automation for SARS-CoV-2 Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing data analysis, they are inapplicable to users with limited programming skills. A solution is to establish such automated workflows within a graphical user interface software. We developed two workflows in the software Geneious Prime 2022.1.1, adapted for data obtained from the Midnight and Artic's nCoV-2019 sequencing protocols. Both workflows perform trimming, read mapping, consensus generation, and annotation on SARS-CoV-2 Nanopore sequencing data. Additionally, one workflow includes phylogenetic assignment using the bioinformatic tools pangolin and Nextclade as plugins. The basic workflow was validated in 2020, adhering to the requirements of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing and analysis. The enhanced workflow, providing phylogenetic assignment, underwent validation at Uppsala University Hospital by analysing 96 clinical samples. It provided accurate diagnoses matching the original results of the basic workflow while also reducing manual clicks and analysis time. These bioinformatic workflows streamline SARS-CoV-2 Nanopore data analysis in Geneious Prime, saving time and manual work for operators lacking programming knowledge.
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| 4. |
- Fahlman, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Using laboratory incubations to predict the fate of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems
- 2018
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In: Environmental Chemistry. - : CSIRO Publishing. - 1448-2517 .- 1449-8979. ; 15:8, s. 463-471
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental contextEnvironmental persistence of excreted pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems is usually predicted using small-scale laboratory experiments assumed to simulate natural conditions. We studied five pharmaceuticals comparing their removal rates from water under laboratory conditions and under natural environmental conditions existing in a large pond. We found that the laboratory conditions did not fully capture the complexity within the pond, which led to different removal rates in the two systems. AbstractEnvironmental persistence is a key property when evaluating risks with excreted pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems. Such persistence is typically predicted using small-scale laboratory incubations, but the variation in aquatic environments and scarcity of field studies to verify laboratory-based persistence estimates create uncertainties around the predictive power of these incubations. In this study we: (1) assess the persistence of five pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, trimethoprim and oxazepam) in laboratory experiments under different environmental conditions; and (2) use a three-month-long field study in an aquatic ecosystem to verify the laboratory-based persistence estimates. In our laboratory assays, we found that water temperature (TEMP), concentrations of organic solutes (TOC), presence of sediment (SED), and solar radiation (SOL) individually affected dissipation rates. Moreover, we identified rarely studied interaction effects between the treatments (i.e. SOLxSED and TEMPxSOL), which affected the persistence of the studied drugs. Half-lives obtained from the laboratory assays largely explained the dissipation rates during the first week of the field study. However, none of the applied models could accurately predict the long-term dissipation rates (month time-scale) from the water column. For example, the studied antibioticum (trimethoprim) and the anti-anxiety drug (oxazepam) remained at detectable levels in the aquatic environment long after (similar to 150 days) our laboratory based models predicted complete dissipation. We conclude that small-scale laboratory incubations seem sufficient to approximate the short-term (i.e. within a week) dissipation rate of drugs in aquatic ecosystems. However, this simplistic approach does not capture interacting environmental processes that preserve a fraction of the dissolved pharmaceuticals for months in natural water bodies.
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| 5. |
- Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet: En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan användas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter för att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikområden ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? systemsvagheter som bromsar områdets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan åtgärdas av systemets aktörer och vilka som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden. Rapporten utgör därmed ett underlag för att formulera åtgärder för att åstadkomma ökad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan nämnda teknikområden.Studien har även möjliggjort en jämförande analys av likheter och skillnader ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mellan områdena – de är starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Samtidigt har områdena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktörer, där även politiska ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- skapsnätverk. Men de har varit sämre på att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme för fortsatt lärande och kostnadsreduktion. Sådana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktörer, men ofta krävs politiska styrmedel. De behövs för att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggöras och för att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya områden skall göras möjlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras lärdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebär. Två huvud- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- hällsbygget och därför bör vara ett politikområde bland många samt att den skarpa ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.För att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behövs en hög grad av koordinering ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? teknikområden så att ”rätt” typ av åtgärder kan sättas in vid ”rätt” tidpunkt av ”rätt” aktör. TIS-ramverket lyfts här fram som en metod för att skapa ett sådant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod för projektbedömningar som syftar till att stötta handläggare i utvärderingar av projekt inom nya teknikområden.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig särskilt till beslutsfattare och handläggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men även andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att högt ställda klimatmål ska kunna nås samtidigt som en positiv näringslivsutveckling möjliggörs.
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| 6. |
- Honig, Benson, et al.
(author)
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The Blessing of Necessity and Advantages of Newness
- 2013
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In: Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth. - 1074-7540. ; 15, s. 63-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter explores the advantages of newness and positive aspects of resource constraints, critically departing from assumptions of resource constraints and liabilities of newness. The chapter is based on a multiple case study consisting of nascent entrepreneurial processes from inexperienced entrepreneurs with severely constrained access to resources. Six theoretical concepts (legitimacy, fashion, flexibility, networks, bootstrapping, and motivation) are developed in the frame of reference. Empirical data is collected on a rich variety of sources, including longitudinal data in the form of weekly logbooks, business plans, theoretical reflections, and additional collected data during the process. Based on this data, the analysis shows that while these entrepreneurs face resource constraints and liabilities of newness, they also use strategies to leverage their constraints and novelty as an advantage in advancing their venturing efforts.
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| 7. |
- Hopp, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Revisiting the influence of institutional forces on the written business plan: a replication study
- 2018
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In: Management Review Quarterly. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2198-1620 .- 2198-1639. ; 68:4, s. 361-398
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper re-analyzes and extends a study on institutional forces and the written business plan (Honig and Karlsson in J Manag 30(1):29–48, 2004). We attempt to examine to what extent critical decision making is evident in model and variable choice, and whether the implications provided by systematic replication efforts may serve to provide additional and perhaps unrecognized theoretical and/or empirical observations. We find that the key result—formal business planning does not affect performance, does not hold. In fact, we find evidence that formal business planning affects survival but not profitability. The re-analysis also reveals, that institutional antecedents to formal planning appear to be fragile and prone to researcher biases due to different coding and assumptions. Our study underscores the consequences of access to original data and coding material, and to rely upon current methodological explanations for subsequent analyses.
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| 8. |
- Jing, Su, et al.
(author)
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Beyond Red Tape and Fools: Institutional Theory in Entrepreneurship Research, 1992–2014
- 2017
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In: Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520. ; 41:4, s. 505-531
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Institutional theory has become an increasingly common lens in entrepreneurship research. Over the past years, the number of entrepreneurship studies that adopt institutional perspective (EIn research) has grown dramatically. This review systematically examines extant EIn research, analyzing 194 articles published in 11 leading journals from 1992 to 2014. In this review, we focus on three characteristics of the articles: institutional logic, level of analysis, and methodology. Further, we identify three distinct periods of EIn research: the conceptual phase, 1992–2000, the exploration phase 2001–2007, and the acceptance phase 2008–2014. This allows us to provide detailed discussion on main characteristics of the articles and identify evolutionary trends of this research area. The overall surge of articles with institutional perspective in entrepreneurship research is promising. We can see an increasing variation of methods being applied and a growing mutual interest between entrepreneurship and institutional theory researchers. Yet, we find substantial biases and omissions in the application of institutional theory. There is a focus on national level analysis with assuming state and market logics. For EIn to move forward it has to move closer to field/industry level analysis and add new insights into entrepreneurship and alternative logics. Based on our framework and additional insights gained from the review, we outline directions for future EIn research.
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| 9. |
- Jing, Su, et al.
(author)
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Beyond red tape and fools：Institutional theory in entrepreneruship research 1992-2014
- 2017
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In: Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520. ; 41:4, s. 505-531
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Institutional theory has become an increasingly common lens in entrepreneurship research. Over the past years, the number of entrepreneurship studies that adopt institutional perspective (EIn research) has grown dramatically. This review systematically examines extant EIn research, analyzing 194 articles published in 11 leading journals from 1992-2014. In this review we focus on three characteristics of the articles, -institutional logic, level of analysis and methodology. Further, we identify three distinct periods of EIn research: the conceptual phase, 1992-2000, the exploration phase 2001-2007 and the acceptance phase 2008-2014. This allows us to provide detailed discussion on main characteristics of the articles and identify evolutionary trends of this research area. The overall surge of articles with institutional approaches in entrepreneurship research is promising. We can see an increasing variation of methods being applied and an increasing mutual interest between entrepreneurship and institutional theory researchers. Yet, we find substantial biases and omissions in the application of EIn. There is a focus of EIn research on national level analysis with assuming state and market logics. For EIn to move forward it has to move closer to field/industry level analysis and add new insights into entrepreneurship and alternative logics. Based on our framework and additional insights gained from the review, we outline directions for future EIn research.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Peter E., Associate professor, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Let us measure, then what? : Exploring purposeful use of innovation management self-assessments.
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. - 0265-671X .- 1758-6682. ; 36:10, s. 1734-1749
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding regarding how managers attempt to make purposeful use of innovation management self-assessments (IMSA) and performance information (PI).Design/methodology/approachAn interpretative perspective on purposeful use is used as an analytical framework, and the paper is based on empirical material from two research projects exploring the use of IMSA and PI in three case companies. Based on the empirical data, consisting of interviews and observations of workshops and project meetings, qualitative content analysis has been conducted.FindingsThe findings of this paper indicate that how managers achieve a purposeful use of PI is related to their approach toward how to use the specific PI at hand, and two basic approaches are analytically separated: a rule-based approach and a reflective approach. Consequently, whether or not the right thing is being measured also becomes a question of how the PI is actually being interpreted and used. Thus, the extensive focus on what to measure and how to measure it becomes edgeless unless equal attention is given to how managers are able to use the PI to make knowledgeable decisions regarding what actions to take to achieve the desired changes.Practical implicationsGiven the results, it comes with a managerial responsibility to make sure that all managers who are supposed to be engaged in using the PI are given roles in the self-assessments that are aligned with the level of knowledge they possess, or can access.Originality/valueHow managers purposefully use PI is a key to understand the potential impact of self-assessments.
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