| 1. |
- Pick, C. M., et al.
(author)
-
Family still matters : Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic
- 2022
-
In: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 43:6, s. 527-535
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Korall, Petra, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Phylogeny of selaginellaceae : Evaluation of generic subgeneric relationships based on rbcL gene sequences
- 1999
-
In: International journal of plant sciences. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1058-5893 .- 1537-5315. ; 160:3, s. 585-594
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cladistic analysis based on rbcL gene sequences from a representative sample of 18 species yields three most parsimonious trees that strongly support monophyly of Selaginellaceae. Within Selaginellaceae, the morphologically distinctive subgenus Selaginella is resolved as sister group to a clade composed of all other species, here termed the rhizophoric clade. In the rhizophoric clade, subgenus Stachygynandrum is paraphyletic to subgenera Ericetorum, Tetragonostachys, and Heterostachys. Monophyly of Ericetorum and Tetragonostachys is strongly corroborated. Results support a close relationship between "resurrection plants" in Stachygynandrum and the mat-forming or tufted drought-tolerant species of Tetragonostachys, indicating a common origin of xerophytism in these groups. A close relationship for all isophyllous species, as hypothesized in many classifications, is not supported by the rbcL data. Leaf isophylly and reduction in Ericetorum and Tetragonostachys most probably represent independent reversals of the marked anisophyllous condition in Stachygynandrum, Leaf reduction is one of a suite of characters that may have evolved in response to seasonal drought.
|
|
| 4. |
- Pick, Cari M., et al.
(author)
-
Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves
- 2022
-
In: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives-self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care-are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; M-age = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; M-age = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people's fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fredin, Kristofer, et al.
(author)
-
Effect on Cell Efficiency following Thermal Degradation of Dye-Sensitized Mesoporous Electrodes Using N719 and D5 Sensitizers
- 2009
-
In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:43, s. 18902-18906
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work examines the comparative durability of two common dyes at temperatures that may be experienced during fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) such as through the application of thermoplastics for encapsulation or the use of a molten solid-state hole conductor. Dye-sensitized electrodes were heated in an atmosphere of air or nitrogen and thereafter used as working electrodes in DSCs. Electrodes sensitized with N719 appeared more sensitive to thermal degradation than electrodes sensitized with D5, although absorbance measurements suggest similar first-order degradation rates for the two dyes. Intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy were used to measure the effect of heating on electron lifetime and transport. It was found that the electron diffusion length may.. be as low as 10% for heated samples, compared to that of the unheated counterpart, and therefore, we assess recombination as an additional efficiency limiting process in our experiments.
|
|
| 6. |
- Korall, Petra, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN SELAGINELLACEAE BASED ON RBCL SEQUENCES
- 2002
-
In: American Journal of Botany. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; 89:3, s. 506-517
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A phylogenetic framework is developed for the clubmoss family Selaginellaceae based on maximum parsimony analyses of molecular data. The chloroplast gene rbcL was sequenced for 62 species, which represent nearly 10% of living species diversity in the family. Taxa were chosen to reflect morphological, geographical, and ecological diversity. The analyses provide support for monophyly of subgenera Selaginella and Tetragonostachys. Stachygynandrum and Heterostachys are polyphyletic. Monophyly of Ericetorum is uncertain. Results also indicate a large number of new groupings not previously recognized on morphological grounds. Some of these new groups seem to have corresponding morphological synapomorphies, such as the presence of rhizophores (distinctive root-like structures), aspects of rhizophore development, and leaf and stem morphology. Others share distinctive ecological traits (e.g., xerophytism). For many groups, however, no morphological, ecological, or physiological markers are known. This could reflect patchy sampling and a lack of detailed knowledge about many species. Despite a lengthy fossil record dating from the Carboniferous Period, cladogram topology indicates that most of the living tropical species are probably the products of more recent diversifications. Resurrection plants, extreme xerophytes characterized by aridity-driven inrolling of branches and rapid revival on rehydration, have evolved at least three times in quite different clades.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
